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Which of the following does not have potentially teratogenic effects?

A.

Smoking

B.

Alcohol

C.

Infectious diseases

D.

Sunlight

E.

X-rays

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Smoking: Correctly known to be teratogenic; can lead to low birth weight, preterm birth, and other anomalies.
B. Alcohol: Highly teratogenic; causes fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
C. Infectious diseases: Examples like rubella and Zika are known teratogens.
D. Sunlight: Normal sunlight exposure is not teratogenic; only excessive UV exposure may pose skin risks, not fetal deformities.
E. X-rays: Ionizing radiation is teratogenic, especially in early pregnancy.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Nasal vestibule: The nasal vestibule is the anterior part of the nasal cavity just inside the nostrils, lined with skin and hair.

B. Nasal cavity: The nasal cavity is a large air-filled space behind the nose, extending from the nostrils to the choanae.

C. Nasal concha: The nasal conchae are curved bony projections (superior, middle, and inferior) inside the nasal cavity that increase the surface area for warming and humidifying air.

D. Sphenoid sinus: The sphenoid sinus is a hollow space within the sphenoid bone, located posterior to the nasal cavity and inferior to the sella turcica.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Metabolic acidosis: This occurs due to loss of bicarbonate (e.g., from diarrhea), not vomiting.
B. Metabolic alkalosis: Vomiting results in loss of hydrochloric acid from the stomach, leading to a relative increase in bicarbonate and metabolic alkalosis.
C. Respiratory alkalosis: Caused by hyperventilation, not vomiting.
D. Respiratory acidosis: Results from hypoventilation or lung disease, not gastrointestinal losses.
E. Lymphatic alkalosis: Not a recognized medical condition.

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