Which of the following elements make up more than 98% of the body's weight?
Iron, Magnesium, Zinc, and Copper
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Oxygen
Sodium, Chlorine, lodine, and Fluorine
Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, and Sulfur
The Correct Answer is B
A. Iron, Magnesium, Zinc, and Copper: These are trace elements present in very small amounts and do not contribute significantly to total body weight.
B. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Oxygen: These four elements are the major components of biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids, making up more than 98% of the human body’s mass.
C. Sodium, Chlorine, Iodine, and Fluorine: These elements are essential electrolytes or trace elements but are present in relatively small quantities and do not account for the bulk of body weight.
D. Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, and Sulfur: While these elements are important for bone structure and metabolic functions, they contribute a smaller fraction of total body mass compared to C, H, N, and O.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Kidneys: The kidneys filter blood to remove waste products and produce urine. They do not store urine but continuously produce it, sending it to the renal pelvis and then to the bladder for temporary storage.
B. Renal pelvis: The renal pelvis is a funnel-shaped structure in the kidney that collects urine from the nephrons and channels it into the ureters. It does not serve as a storage site for urine.
C. Urinary bladder: The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular organ that stores urine until the body is ready for elimination. Its walls stretch to accommodate increasing volumes of urine, allowing controlled and voluntary release through the urethra.
D. Urethra: The urethra is a tube that conducts urine from the bladder to the outside of the body during urination. It does not store urine and serves only as a passageway for elimination.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
. Producing mucus for the respiratory tract: Mucus is produced by goblet cells in the airway lining to trap dust, microbes, and other particles, not by alveoli.
B. Gas exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide: Alveoli are tiny, thin-walled sacs at the end of bronchioles. Their large surface area and close association with pulmonary capillaries allow efficient diffusion of oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out of the blood.
C. Filtering dust particles from inhaled air: Filtration occurs primarily in the nasal passages, cilia, and mucus of the upper and lower airways, not within the alveoli.
D. Maintaining the shape of the lungs: Lung shape is maintained by the thoracic cavity, connective tissue, and surfactant, while alveoli function mainly in gas exchange.
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