Which part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?
Parasympathetic nervous system
Central nervous system
Somatic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
The Correct Answer is D
A. Parasympathetic nervous system: The parasympathetic system promotes “rest and digest” activities, slowing the heart rate, stimulating digestion, and conserving energy. It functions in opposition to the fight-or-flight response.
B. Central nervous system: The central nervous system, consisting of the brain and spinal cord, processes and integrates information but does not directly mediate the autonomic fight-or-flight response. It coordinates signals but relies on the sympathetic system to execute them.
C. Somatic nervous system: The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles. It does not regulate involuntary responses such as increased heart rate, dilation of pupils, or bronchodilation associated with stress.
D. Sympathetic nervous system: The sympathetic nervous system activates the fight-or-flight response by increasing heart rate, dilating airways, redirecting blood flow to muscles, and releasing adrenaline. It prepares the body for rapid, intense physical activity during stress or danger.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Hormonal secretion: While bone tissue does secrete certain hormones like osteocalcin, hormonal secretion is not its primary function. The main roles of bones are structural support, movement, and protection.
B. Digestive enzyme production: Digestive enzymes are produced by organs such as the pancreas and stomach. Bone tissue does not contribute to digestion or enzyme production.
C. Oxygen transport: Oxygen transport is carried out by red blood cells in the bloodstream. Bone tissue provides a site for blood cell production in the marrow but does not directly transport oxygen.
D. Protection of internal organs: One of the primary functions of bone tissue is to protect vital internal organs. For example, the skull shields the brain, and the ribcage protects the heart and lungs, while bones also provide structural support and enable movement.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Kidneys: The kidneys filter blood to remove waste products and produce urine. They do not store urine but continuously produce it, sending it to the renal pelvis and then to the bladder for temporary storage.
B. Renal pelvis: The renal pelvis is a funnel-shaped structure in the kidney that collects urine from the nephrons and channels it into the ureters. It does not serve as a storage site for urine.
C. Urinary bladder: The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular organ that stores urine until the body is ready for elimination. Its walls stretch to accommodate increasing volumes of urine, allowing controlled and voluntary release through the urethra.
D. Urethra: The urethra is a tube that conducts urine from the bladder to the outside of the body during urination. It does not store urine and serves only as a passageway for elimination.
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