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Which of the following is a common complication of polycystic kidney disease?

A.

Gallstones

B.

Urinary tract infection

C.

Hypotension

D.

Osteoporosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.    Gallstones are formed in the gallbladder and are not directly related to PKD.
 
B.    Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys. These cysts can obstruct the flow of urine, making it easier for bacteria to grow and cause a urinary tract infection (UTI).
C.    Hypotension is low blood pressure. While PKD can lead to kidney failure, which can cause hypotension, it is not a common complication.
D.    Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by weak bones. While PKD can lead to kidney failure, which can affect calcium metabolism and contribute to osteoporosis, it is not a common complication.
 


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Gallstones are formed in the gallbladder and are not directly related to PKD.

B. Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys. These cysts can obstruct the flow of urine, making it easier for bacteria to grow and cause a urinary tract infection (UTI).
C. Hypotension is low blood pressure. While PKD can lead to kidney failure, which can cause hypotension, it is not a common complication.
D. Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by weak bones. While PKD can lead to kidney failure, which can affect calcium metabolism and contribute to osteoporosis, it is not a common complication.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Pyridostigmine is primarily used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis, a different autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles. It works by inhibiting the

enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which increases the levels of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions, thereby improving muscle strength. It is not used for treating multiple sclerosis.
B. Levodopa-carbidopa is commonly used to treat Parkinson’s disease. Levodopa is converted to dopamine in the brain, and carbidopa prevents levodopa from being converted into dopamine before it reaches the brain. This combination helps manage the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. It is not used for multiple sclerosis.
C. Riluzole is used primarily for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons. It works by reducing the release of glutamate, a neurotransmitter that can be toxic to nerve cells. Riluzole is not used for multiple sclerosis.
D. Interferon-beta is a disease-modifying therapy used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. It works by modulating the immune system to reduce the frequency and severity of MS relapses. Interferon-beta can help slow the progression of disability and reduce the number of new lesions seen on MRI scans.

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