Which of the following is a common complication of polycystic kidney disease?
Gallstones
Urinary tract infection
Hypotension
Osteoporosis
The Correct Answer is B
A. Gallstones are formed in the gallbladder and are not directly related to PKD.
B. Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys. These cysts can obstruct the flow of urine, making it easier for bacteria to grow and cause a urinary tract infection (UTI).
C. Hypotension is low blood pressure. While PKD can lead to kidney failure, which can cause hypotension, it is not a common complication.
D. Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by weak bones. While PKD can lead to kidney failure, which can affect calcium metabolism and contribute to osteoporosis, it is not a common complication.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Cushing syndrome is characterized by excessive levels of cortisol in the body, often due to an adrenal gland tumor or prolonged use of corticosteroid medications. The primary symptoms include weight gain, hypertension, and changes in skin appearance. Exophthalmos is not typically associated with Cushing syndrome.
B. Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune thyroid disorder that leads to hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid). The condition is characterized by symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and dry skin. Exophthalmos is not a feature of Hashimoto's disease. Instead, it is more commonly associated with hyperthyroidism.
C. Addison's disease is a condition caused by inadequate production of cortisol and aldosterone by the adrenal glands. Symptoms include fatigue, weight loss, hyperpigmentation of the skin, and low blood pressure. Exophthalmos is not related to Addison's disease.
D. Graves' disease is an autoimmune hyperthyroid condition that leads to an overproduction of thyroid hormones. One of the hallmark symptoms of Graves' disease is exophthalmos or protruding eyes, caused by inflammation and swelling of the tissues around the eyes. This condition is directly associated with exophthalmos.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Estrogen's role in temperature regulation is not as significant as other factors in the context of aging and body temperature maintenance.
B. Increased blood pressure itself does not directly influence the ability to maintain body temperature. While hypertension can have various effects on cardiovascular health, it is not a primary factor in the regulation of body temperature in older adults.
C. Decreased muscle strength and tone are significant factors affecting temperature regulation. Muscle activity generates heat, and a decline in muscle mass and strength can impair the body’s ability to generate and maintain adequate warmth.
D. Decreased subcutaneous fat is a key factor in temperature regulation. Subcutaneous fat acts as an insulator, helping to retain body heat. As people age, they often experience a decrease in subcutaneous fat, which reduces their ability to insulate and maintain body heat effectively.
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