Which of the following is a complication from experiencing a traumatic fall in persons 65 years of age or older?
Lower risk of hospitalizations
Increased medication use
Development of "Post-Fall Anxiety" Syndrome
Decreased nursing home admissions
The Correct Answer is C
A. Lower risk of hospitalizations: Traumatic falls in adults ≥65 years are associated with higher rates of emergency visits, hospital admissions, and complications such as fractures and head injuries, rather than a reduced hospitalization risk.
B. Increased medication use: Although medication use may increase after a fall due to pain management or new diagnoses, this is a consequence of injury management and comorbidities, not a complication syndrome directly resulting from the fall event itself.
C. Development of “Post-Fall Anxiety” Syndrome: Older adults commonly develop fear of falling after a traumatic fall, leading to anxiety, reduced mobility, activity avoidance, and loss of independence, which can further increase fall risk and functional decline.
D. Decreased nursing home admissions: Falls in older adults increase the likelihood of functional impairment, disability, and need for long-term care placement, making decreased nursing home admissions inconsistent with known outcomes.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. STEADI algorithm for fall risk screening: The STEADI initiative focuses on fall prevention through screening, assessment, and intervention strategies. While it addresses medication review as a fall risk factor, it does not specifically identify inappropriate or high-risk medication classes for older adults.
B. Fall risk assessment questionnaire: Fall risk questionnaires evaluate balance, mobility, and environmental risks. They are not designed to classify medications based on age-related safety or pharmacologic risk. Medication safety is only one small component of fall assessment.
C. Medication use in geriatric patient guideline 2017: No standardized or widely recognized guideline with this title exists from the American Geriatrics Society. AGS publishes specific, evidence-based tools rather than broadly named medication guidelines.
D. Beers Criteria: The AGS Beers Criteria identifies potentially inappropriate medications for adults aged 65 and older. It highlights drug classes associated with increased risk of adverse effects due to altered pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in aging. This tool is widely used to improve medication safety in geriatric care.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Rectal: Rectal temperature measurement provides core body temperature and is considered the most accurate reflection of internal body heat. It is less influenced by environmental factors and provides reliable readings for clinical assessment.
B. Axillary: Axillary temperature is taken under the arm and tends to be lower than core temperature. It is easy and noninvasive but less accurate due to heat loss to the environment and variations in placement.
C. Oral: Oral temperature is convenient and reasonably accurate in cooperative patients but can be affected by recent food or fluid intake, mouth breathing, or smoking. It does not always reflect true core temperature.
D. Temporal: Temporal artery thermometry is noninvasive and quick but can be influenced by sweating, ambient temperature, and improper technique, making it slightly less precise than rectal measurement for core temperature.
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