Which of the following is a major complication in a child with chronic renal failure?

Congestive heart failure.

Metabolic alkalosis.

Excessive excretion of blood urea nitrogen.

Hypokalemia.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: This is the correct choice. Congestive heart failure can occur in chronic renal failure due to fluid overload and the inability of the kidneys to manage fluid balance.
Choice B reason: Metabolic alkalosis is not typically a major complication of chronic renal failure; metabolic acidosis is more common due to the accumulation of acids in the body.
Choice C reason: Excessive excretion of blood urea nitrogen is not a complication; rather, in renal failure, the kidneys cannot excrete urea nitrogen effectively.
Choice D reason: Hypokalemia (low potassium) can occur, but it is not as major a complication as congestive heart failure in the context of chronic renal failure.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Severe fatigue is a symptom that can be associated with many conditions and is not specific to Wilms tumor.
Choice B reason: This is the correct choice. A palpable abdominal mass is often the first sign of a Wilms tumor that prompts medical evaluation.
Choice C reason: Seizures are not typically associated with Wilms tumor.
Choice D reason: Hematuria can occur with Wilms tumor, but it is not as common as the presentation of an abdominal mass.

A. "Treatment needs to be started as soon as possible." B. "I realize my infant will require follow-up care until he reaches skeletal maturity." C. "I need to bring my infant to the clinic every 1-2 weeks for new casts." D. "A spica cast will stay in place for 8-10 weeks."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: This statement is correct; early treatment for clubfoot is essential for the best outcomes.

Choice B reason: The parent's understanding of the need for long-term follow-up care until skeletal maturity is accurate.

Choice C reason: Regular visits for new casts are part of the standard treatment protocol for clubfoot.

Choice D reason: This statement indicates a misunderstanding. Clubfoot treatment typically involves a series of casts changed more frequently than 8-10 weeks apart, not a single spica cast for that duration. Further teaching is needed to correct this misconception.

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Which of the following is a major complication in a child with chronic renal failure?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

What clinical manifestation associated with a Wilms tumor is the reason most children are initially brought in to be seen by a provider?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which statement by the parent indicates a need for further teaching regarding clubfoot?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

At which stage of development are children able to understand the permanence of death?

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