Which is the best nursing response to give a parent about contacting the physician regarding a 4-month-old infant with diarrhea?

"Call the doctor immediately if the infant has a temperature greater than 100°F."

"The pediatrician should be contacted if the infant has two loose stools in an 8-hour period."

"Call your pediatrician if the infant has not had a wet diaper for 8 hours."

"Notify the pediatrician if the infant naps more than 2 hours."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Fever is a concern, but it is not the most immediate sign of dehydration.
Choice B reason: While loose stools are a symptom of diarrhea, the frequency mentioned does not necessarily indicate an emergency.
Choice C reason: This is the correct choice. Lack of a wet diaper for 8 hours can indicate dehydration, which is an emergency in infants.
Choice D reason: Longer naps may not be directly related to diarrhea and do not warrant immediate contact with a pediatrician.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: IV fluid replacement in DKA is typically isotonic, not hypertonic, to avoid rapid changes in osmolality.
Choice B reason: This is correct. While the total body potassium is depleted in DKA, the initial lab values often show hyperkalemia (high potassium) due to the metabolic acidosis, which shifts potassium out of the cells. This can lead to serious cardiac dysrhythmias and even cardiac arrest, making continuous cardiac monitoring and potassium level assessment a top priority.
Choice C reason: Monitoring for hypertension is important, but the primary concern in DKA is managing the acidosis and hyperglycemia.
Choice D reason: This is incorrect. Treatment for DKA involves a continuous IV infusion of regular insulin at a low, steady rate, not high doses of NPH insulin. NPH insulin is an intermediate-acting insulin and is not suitable for the acute management of DKA.

A. "Treatment needs to be started as soon as possible." B. "I realize my infant will require follow-up care until he reaches skeletal maturity." C. "I need to bring my infant to the clinic every 1-2 weeks for new casts." D. "A spica cast will stay in place for 8-10 weeks."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: This statement is correct; early treatment for clubfoot is essential for the best outcomes.

Choice B reason: The parent's understanding of the need for long-term follow-up care until skeletal maturity is accurate.

Choice C reason: Regular visits for new casts are part of the standard treatment protocol for clubfoot.

Choice D reason: This statement indicates a misunderstanding. Clubfoot treatment typically involves a series of casts changed more frequently than 8-10 weeks apart, not a single spica cast for that duration. Further teaching is needed to correct this misconception.

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Which is the best nursing response to give a parent about contacting the physician regarding a 4-month-old infant with diarrhea?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which of the following is of primary importance for a child who is admitted to the PICU for DKA (diabetic ketoacidosis)?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which statement by the parent indicates a need for further teaching regarding clubfoot?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which of the following is the best indicator of brain function in a child with a moderate brain injury?

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