Which of the following is a possible complication of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
Hypertension
Pulmonary embolism
Urinary tract infection
Peptic ulcer disease
The Correct Answer is B
Rationale:
A. Hypertension is incorrect. While high blood pressure is a common cardiovascular condition, it is not a direct complication of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). DVT involves clot formation in the deep veins, primarily of the lower extremities, rather than elevated arterial pressure.
B. Pulmonary embolism is correct. A major and potentially life-threatening complication of DVT is pulmonary embolism (PE). If a thrombus (blood clot) from a deep vein dislodges, it can travel through the venous system to the pulmonary arteries, obstructing blood flow to the lungs. This can cause sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, hypoxia, and even death if not promptly recognized and treated.
C. Urinary tract infection is incorrect. UTIs are infections of the urinary system and are not caused by DVT. While immobility related to DVT may increase UTI risk indirectly, it is not a direct complication.
D. Peptic ulcer disease is incorrect. Peptic ulcers involve erosions in the gastric or duodenal mucosa, typically due to Helicobacter pylori infection or NSAID use. They are unrelated to the pathophysiology of DVT.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is correct. Cloudy urine with a strong, foul odor, accompanied by urinary urgency, frequency, and sometimes dysuria, is characteristic of a UTI. The cloudiness results from pyuria (presence of white blood cells) and sometimes bacteria or epithelial cells in the urine. UTIs are commonly caused by bacteria such as Escherichia coli ascending from the urethra, leading to inflammation of the bladder (cystitis) or, if severe, the kidneys (pyelonephritis).
B. Nephrotic syndrome is primarily characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. Urine may appear foamy due to excess protein, but a strong odor and urgency are not typical features. Nephrotic syndrome is not usually associated with infection unless a secondary complication develops.
C. Diabetes insipidus is characterized by polyuria and polydipsia with very dilute urine. Urine is typically clear and odorless, and urgency or foul-smelling urine is not expected. The pathophysiology involves either insufficient ADH secretion (central DI) or renal resistance to ADH (nephrogenic DI), which results in the excretion of large volumes of dilute urine.
D. Glomerulonephritis involves inflammation of the glomeruli, leading to hematuria, mild proteinuria, edema, and hypertension. Urine may be tea-colored or cola-colored due to red blood cells, but it is not typically cloudy with a strong odor or associated with urgency.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Thrombocytosis refers to an elevated platelet count, which can increase the risk of clot formation. It is unrelated to white blood cells and does not indicate infection or inflammation.
B. Neutropenia is a decreased number of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, which can increase susceptibility to infections. This term represents a deficiency rather than an increase in white blood cells.
C. Anemia refers to a reduced number of red blood cells or decreased hemoglobin, leading to impaired oxygen delivery. It is unrelated to white blood cell counts or immune response.
D. Leukocytosis is defined as an increase in the total number of white blood cells (leukocytes), often in response to infection, inflammation, stress, or certain hematologic disorders. This increase is part of the body’s immune response, helping to fight pathogens and promote healing.
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