Which of the following is found in prokaryotic cells?
mitochondria
lysosomes
ribosomes
All of the above
The Correct Answer is C
A. Mitochondria: Prokaryotic cells do not contain mitochondria. Instead, they generate energy through processes that occur across the plasma membrane. They are found exclusively in eukaryotic cells and are absent in prokaryotes.
B. Lysosomes: Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles found only in eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotes lack these structures and instead rely on enzymes within the cytoplasm for breakdown processes.
C. Ribosomes: Ribosomes are present in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, serving as the site of protein synthesis. In prokaryotes, they are smaller (70S type) but functionally equivalent to those in eukaryotes.
D. All of the above: This is incorrect because prokaryotes do not contain mitochondria or lysosomes.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. protein only: Prions are infectious agents made entirely of misfolded proteins without nucleic acids. They propagate by inducing normal cellular proteins to misfold, leading to neurodegenerative diseases.
B. an RNA surrounded by a protein capsid: This describes a typical RNA virus, not a prion. Viruses contain nucleic acids, while prions lack them completely.
C. circular RNA only: Circular RNA molecules are found in viroids, which infect plants, but prions are distinct as they are composed solely of protein.
D. circular DNA only: Circular DNA is present in some viruses and plasmids, but prions do not contain DNA or any form of nucleic acid.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Cell walls: Peptidoglycan is the main structural component of bacterial cell walls, providing rigidity and shape while protecting against osmotic pressure. It is especially thick in Gram-positive bacteria and thinner in Gram-negative ones.
B. Cell membranes: The bacterial cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with proteins for transport and signaling, but it does not contain peptidoglycan.
C. Capsules: Capsules are made of polysaccharides or polypeptides that help bacteria evade the immune system, but they lack peptidoglycan.
D. Slime layers: Slime layers, like capsules, consist of polysaccharides and serve mainly for adhesion and protection, not structural rigidity from peptidoglycan.
E. Inclusions: Inclusions are storage sites for nutrients such as glycogen, sulfur, or polyphosphate, and they do not involve peptidoglycan in their structure.
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