Which of the following is not a chemical barrier?
enzymes
complement
interferons
ciliated epithelium
The Correct Answer is D
A. enzymes: many enzymes (e.g., lysozyme in saliva/tears) are chemical barriers to microbes.
B. complement: the complement system is a set of plasma proteins that chemically attack pathogens (a chemical innate defense).
C. interferons: interferons are signaling proteins that help inhibit viral replication and are considered chemical immune defenses.
D. ciliated epithelium: ciliated epithelium is a physical/mechanical barrier (moves mucus and trapped particles), not a chemical barrier.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Pepsinogen: pepsinogen is secreted by chief cells, not parietal cells.
B. Hydrochloric acid: parietal cells secrete HCl, which acidifies the stomach and helps activate pepsinogen.
C. Mucus: mucus is secreted by mucous (surface) cells to protect the gastric epithelium, not by parietal cells.
D. Pepsin: pepsin is the active protease formed from pepsinogen by HCl; parietal cells secrete HCl, not active pepsin.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Cellular respiration: Cellular respiration (glycolysis, Krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation) produces ATP
B. External respiration: External respiration is gas exchange between lungs and blood, not the ATP-producing biochemical process
C. Ventilation: Ventilation (breathing) moves air in/out of lungs but does not itself synthesize ATP
D. Internal respiration: Internal respiration is gas exchange between blood and tissues, not the intracellular ATP-producing pathways
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