Which of the following is true regarding endocrine glands?
They have an unusually low density of blood capillaries.
They secrete their products by way of ducts.
Their secretions may be released onto the body surface.
They release their secretions into the blood.
They secrete substances that do not alter the metabolism of their target cells, but extracellular effects
The Correct Answer is D
A. They have an unusually low density of blood capillaries: Endocrine glands have a high density of capillaries so hormones can quickly enter the bloodstream.
B. They secrete their products by way of ducts: Glands that use ducts are exocrine glands; endocrine glands are ductless.
C. Their secretions may be released onto the body surface: That describes exocrine secretions (e.g., sweat, saliva); endocrine secretions are released internally.
D. They release their secretions into the blood: Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream so the hormones can travel to target cells.
E. They secrete substances that do not alter the metabolism of their target cells, but extracellular effects: Hormones typically alter the metabolism or activity of their target cells (intracellular signaling); endocrine secretions commonly produce metabolic/physiologic changes.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is E
Explanation
A. Neutrophils: neutrophils are granulocytes (not agranulocytes) and are the most abundant white blood cells overall, but they are not an agranulocyte.
B. Eosinophils: eosinophils are also granulocytes involved in allergy and parasitic responses, not agranulocytes.
C. Monocytes: monocytes are agranulocytes and differentiate into macrophages in tissues, but they are less abundant than lymphocytes in peripheral blood.
D. Macrophages: macrophages are tissue-resident cells derived from monocytes (not usually counted as circulating agranulocytes) and are not the most abundant agranulocyte in blood.
E. Lymphocytes: lymphocytes are agranulocytes and are the most abundant agranulocyte in peripheral blood (higher % than monocytes).
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. AB, Rh-negative: AB RBCs carry both A and B antigens, so they cannot serve as universal RBC donors (but AB plasma is often considered a universal plasma donor).
B. O, Rh-negative: O negative RBCs lack A, B, and Rh (D) antigens, so they are the universal donor for red blood cell transfusions.
C. AB, Rh-positive: AB positive RBCs have A, B, and Rh antigens and therefore are not universal RBC donors.
D. O, Rh-positive: O positive RBCs lack A and B antigens but express Rh (D) antigen, so they can’t be given safely to Rh-negative recipients; therefore they are not fully universal donors.
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