Which of the following most accurately defines teleological theory in ethics?
An action is chosen because it sacrifices the fewest high-priority values.
An action is judged as good or bad based on the consequence or outcome.
An action is judged as good or bad based on the act itself, regardless of the consequences.
Actions are chosen based on the moral virtues (e.g., honesty, courage, compassion, wisdom, gratitude, self-respect) or the character of the person making the decision.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: This statement reflects a utilitarian or pragmatic approach but is not a formal definition of teleological theory. It implies value-based prioritization rather than outcome-based judgment.
Choice B reason: Teleological ethics, also known as consequentialism, evaluates the morality of an action based on its outcomes. If the consequences are beneficial or maximize good, the action is considered ethically sound. This theory contrasts with deontological ethics, which focuses on the morality of the act itself.
Choice C reason: This describes deontological ethics, which judges actions based on adherence to rules or duties, regardless of the outcomes. It is the opposite of teleological theory.
Choice D reason: This reflects virtue ethics, which emphasizes the character and moral virtues of the decision-maker rather than the act or its consequences. It is a distinct ethical framework from teleology.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: The MAST is a comprehensive tool used primarily for identifying long-term alcohol abuse. It is less sensitive to recent or episodic binge drinking patterns, especially in younger populations.
Choice B reason: The CAGE questionnaire is brief and useful for identifying alcohol dependence, but it lacks sensitivity for detecting binge drinking and is less effective in younger individuals.
Choice C reason: CIWA is used to assess the severity of alcohol withdrawal symptoms. It is not appropriate for screening binge drinking or assessing alcohol use patterns in outpatient settings.
Choice D reason: The AUDIT is a validated tool designed to detect hazardous and harmful drinking, including binge drinking. It is especially effective in younger populations and provides a broader assessment of alcohol use behaviors.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Pearson's r correlation measures the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables. It does not directly indicate the probability of a result occurring by chance, although it may be used alongside inferential statistics to assess significance.
Choice B reason: The p-value is a statistical measure that indicates the probability of obtaining the observed results, or more extreme ones, assuming the null hypothesis is true. It is the primary tool used to determine statistical significance and assess whether findings are likely due to chance. A low p-value suggests that the observed effect is unlikely to be due to random variation alone.
Choice C reason: Probability is a general concept in statistics that refers to the likelihood of an event occurring. While foundational, it is not a specific inferential statistic used to test hypotheses or determine significance in research findings.
Choice D reason: The t-test is a statistical test used to compare the means of two groups. It helps determine whether differences between groups are statistically significant. However, the t-test produces a p-value, which is the actual statistic that describes the probability of the result occurring by chance.
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