A man has been arrested for driving under the influence twice within the past year. He continues to drink alcohol and tells his friends he does not have any issues with alcohol consumption. What is this behavior an example of?
Sublimation
Denial
Reaction formation
Repression
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Sublimation is a mature defense mechanism where unacceptable impulses are transformed into socially acceptable actions or behaviors. For example, someone might channel aggressive impulses into competitive sports. This does not apply to the scenario, as the man is not redirecting his behavior into a constructive outlet but rather continuing harmful behavior.
Choice B reason: Denial is a primitive defense mechanism where a person refuses to accept reality or facts. In the context of substance use, denial is common among individuals with alcohol use disorder. The man’s repeated arrests and continued drinking, coupled with his insistence that he has no problem, exemplify denial. He is rejecting the reality of his condition and its consequences, which is a hallmark of this defense mechanism.
Choice C reason: Reaction formation involves behaving in a way that is opposite to one's true feelings or desires. For example, someone who feels hostility might act overly friendly. This does not fit the scenario, as the man is not displaying behavior contrary to his internal state—he is simply refusing to acknowledge the problem.
Choice D reason: Repression is an unconscious process where distressing thoughts or memories are pushed out of conscious awareness. While repression may play a role in substance use disorders, the man’s overt behavior and verbal denial suggest a conscious refusal to accept reality, which aligns more closely with denial than repression.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Carbamazepine is a known inducer of the cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme, which metabolizes buprenorphine. Its induction leads to increased metabolism and reduced plasma levels of buprenorphine, thereby decreasing its efficacy. This interaction can result in withdrawal symptoms or reduced control of opioid use disorder.
Choice B reason: Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant that does not significantly affect buprenorphine metabolism. While it may have sedative effects or interact with other CNS depressants, it is not known to reduce buprenorphine efficacy.
Choice C reason: Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and a CYP2D6 inhibitor. It does not significantly impact buprenorphine levels or efficacy. Its interaction profile is more relevant to serotonergic drugs than opioids.
Choice D reason: Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic and a CYP3A4 inhibitor. It can increase buprenorphine levels rather than decrease them. Therefore, it would not contribute to reduced efficacy but might increase side effects.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Pearson's r correlation measures the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables. It does not directly indicate the probability of a result occurring by chance, although it may be used alongside inferential statistics to assess significance.
Choice B reason: The p-value is a statistical measure that indicates the probability of obtaining the observed results, or more extreme ones, assuming the null hypothesis is true. It is the primary tool used to determine statistical significance and assess whether findings are likely due to chance. A low p-value suggests that the observed effect is unlikely to be due to random variation alone.
Choice C reason: Probability is a general concept in statistics that refers to the likelihood of an event occurring. While foundational, it is not a specific inferential statistic used to test hypotheses or determine significance in research findings.
Choice D reason: The t-test is a statistical test used to compare the means of two groups. It helps determine whether differences between groups are statistically significant. However, the t-test produces a p-value, which is the actual statistic that describes the probability of the result occurring by chance.
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