Which of the following occurs during the stress response?
Increased urination and thirst
Arousal of the central nervous system
Decreased blood glucose and hunger
Hypotension and bradycardia
The Correct Answer is B
Rationale:
A. During the stress response, the body retains water and sodium due to activation of aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which helps maintain blood pressure and perfusion. Urination typically decreases, and thirst may increase to maintain fluid balance, but increased urination is not a hallmark of the stress response.
B. A key feature of the stress response is CNS arousal, driven by activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system. This leads to heightened alertness, increased heart rate, rapid breathing, and readiness to respond to stressors (the “fight-or-flight” response). CNS arousal is critical for mobilizing energy and coordinating physiological adaptations to stress.
C. During stress, blood glucose increases, not decreases, due to the effects of cortisol and catecholamines. These hormones stimulate gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, and lipolysis, providing energy for the body. Hunger may increase or decrease depending on the duration of stress, but decreased blood glucose is not typical.
D. The stress response activates the sympathetic nervous system, causing vasoconstriction and increased cardiac output, resulting in increased blood pressure and heart rate, not hypotension or bradycardia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. This describes a plaque, which is a raised, flat-topped lesion, often seen in chronic skin conditions like psoriasis or eczema. Plaques are not fluid-filled and are generally larger than vesicles, making this an incorrect description of a vesicular lesion.
B. This describes a macule, which is flat, non-palpable, and merely discolored. Examples include freckles or flat moles. Macules do not contain fluid or elevation, which differentiates them clearly from vesicles.
C. This describes an ulcer, which involves actual tissue loss rather than mere fluid accumulation. Ulcers may result from pressure injuries, infections, or vascular compromise, and they are not thin-walled or raised like vesicles.
D. Vesicles are palpable and fluid-filled, making them distinct from other lesions such as papules (solid, raised), macules (flat), and pustules (filled with pus). Conditions commonly associated with vesicles include chickenpox, herpes simplex, contact dermatitis, and shingles. The fluid is typically serous, and vesicles can rupture, forming crusts or secondary lesions if infected.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. HIV is present in very low concentrations in saliva, and normal, closed-mouth kissing does not transmit the virus. Transmission is only theoretically possible if both partners have open sores or bleeding gums, allowing blood-to-blood contact, but this is extremely rare. Therefore, casual kissing is considered a very low-risk activity.
B. The primary route of HIV transmission worldwide is sexual contact. HIV is present in semen, vaginal fluids, and rectal secretions, and can enter the body through mucous membranes, microtears, or abrasions in the genital, anal, or oral areas. Unprotected sexual intercourse (without condoms or pre-exposure prophylaxis) carries a high risk of transmission. Factors that increase risk include multiple sexual partners, presence of other sexually transmitted infections, and high viral load in the infected partner.
C. HIV is not transmitted through intact skin, so casual contact such as shaking hands, hugging, or touching surfaces does not pose any risk. The virus is fragile outside the human body and cannot survive long on environmental surfaces, making casual contact safe.
D. HIV is not transmitted through saliva in sufficient quantities to infect another person. Sharing food or utensils does not provide the virus with access to the bloodstream or mucous membranes in a way that would allow infection, so this is considered safe.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.