What is the most important thing to do to interrupt the transmission link in the chain of infection in a preschool?
Clean the toys every afternoon before putting them away.
Wash hands between each interaction with children.
Encourage preschool children to eat a nutritious diet.
Suggest that parents provide a multivitamin to the children.
The Correct Answer is B
Rationale:
A. Cleaning toys helps reduce environmental contamination, but it is not as immediate or consistent in preventing the spread of infections compared with hand hygiene. Contaminated hands can transfer pathogens to other children or surfaces before toys are cleaned, so this alone is insufficient.
B. Hand hygiene is the single most effective measure to interrupt the transmission link in the chain of infection. Preschool children frequently touch their faces, toys, and each other, making hands the primary vehicle for pathogens. Proper handwashing with soap and water or using hand sanitizer removes infectious agents, preventing spread to other children and surfaces. This measure addresses direct and indirect transmission, which is critical in group settings like preschools.
C. Good nutrition strengthens the immune system, but it does not immediately prevent transmission of pathogens. While it supports overall health and infection resistance, it does not break the chain of infection in the short term.
D. Multivitamins may support immunity but do not directly prevent transmission. They have no immediate effect on stopping pathogens from moving from one child to another.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Gangrene is the death of tissue due to prolonged loss of blood supply or severe infection. It is a consequence of ischemia or necrosis, not the process of reduced blood flow itself.
B. Necrosis is cellular or tissue death caused by injury, infection, toxins, or prolonged ischemia. While ischemia can lead to necrosis, necrosis refers specifically to the outcome (cell death), not the reduced blood flow.
C. Ischemia is defined as a decreased supply of oxygenated blood to a tissue or organ, usually caused by obstruction, narrowing, or compression of blood vessels. Ischemia reduces oxygen and nutrient delivery, impairing cellular metabolism and function. If prolonged, it can lead to cell injury or necrosis.
D. Apoptosis is programmed cell death, a controlled and normal process that occurs in development and tissue maintenance. It is not caused by decreased blood supply.
Correct Answer is ["D","E"]
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Decreased antibody production is primarily associated with cortisol, a glucocorticoid, not aldosterone. Aldosterone’s main role is electrolyte and fluid balance, not direct modulation of adaptive immunity.
B. Bronchodilation is mainly influenced by catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) during the stress response. Aldosterone does not directly cause bronchodilation.
C. Impaired wound healing is also largely due to glucocorticoids like cortisol, which suppress immune function and fibroblast activity. Aldosterone itself does not significantly impair tissue repair.
D. Aldosterone indirectly contributes to modulation of the inflammatory response. By increasing sodium and water retention and affecting vascular function, aldosterone can reduce tissue edema and inflammatory mediator accumulation. This effect is less pronounced than cortisol but still relevant during the stress response.
E. This is the primary and most significant effect of aldosterone. Aldosterone acts on the renal distal tubules and collecting ducts to increase sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion, which helps maintain blood volume and blood pressure during stress. This effect is critical for the body’s hemodynamic stability under stressful conditions.
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