What characteristic is expected in a person with Down syndrome?
Large narrow hands
Yellowed sclera
Protruding tongue
Early sexual development
The Correct Answer is C
Rationale:
A. Individuals with Down syndrome typically have short, broad hands rather than large or narrow ones. A distinctive feature is the single transverse palmar crease (Simian crease), which is present in many but not all cases. Fingers are often short and stubby, and the fifth finger may show clinodactyly (curvature). Thus, large narrow hands are not characteristic of Down syndrome.
B. Yellowed sclera indicates jaundice, which is caused by elevated bilirubin levels due to liver dysfunction or hemolysis. This is not a feature of Down syndrome and is unrelated to the genetic condition.
C. A protruding or slightly enlarged tongue (macroglossia) is a hallmark feature of Down syndrome. This occurs due to low muscle tone (hypotonia) in the oral and facial muscles. Hypotonia also contributes to delayed motor development, poor sucking, and feeding difficulties in infancy, as well as speech delays later in life. The tongue may appear to protrude even when the mouth is closed.
D. Down syndrome is generally associated with delayed sexual development and puberty, particularly in females. Fertility can be reduced, especially in males, although some may be capable of reproduction. Early sexual maturation is not characteristic of this condition.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. The recovery stage, also called the convalescent stage, occurs after the acute phase when symptoms are subsiding and the body is returning to normal health. The person typically feels improving, not just beginning to feel unwell.
B. The prodromal stage is the early phase of infection when a person begins to experience nonspecific symptoms, such as fatigue, mild fever, or malaise. This stage is often described as "coming down with something" because the individual senses that illness is developing before specific or severe symptoms appear. During this stage, the pathogen is multiplying, and the person may be contagious, even though the signs are not yet definitive.
C. The incubation stage occurs immediately after exposure to the pathogen, during which the pathogen is replicating in the body but the person is asymptomatic. The individual is not aware of the infection yet, making this stage distinct from the prodromal stage.
D. The acute stage is characterized by full-blown, specific symptoms of the infection, such as high fever, rash, severe cough, or other hallmark manifestations. The person in this stage is clearly ill, unlike during the prodromal stage.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. While a chemical’s smell may indicate its presence, it does not determine how harmful it is or whether exposure will cause adverse effects. Some toxic chemicals are odorless, yet highly dangerous.
B. Taste is also not a reliable factor for toxicity. Chemicals can be poisonous even if tasteless, and relying on taste could increase exposure risk.
C. Age is a significant factor influencing susceptibility to chemical toxicity. Infants, young children, and older adults may have immature or declining detoxification systems, differences in body composition, and weaker immune responses, making them more vulnerable to adverse effects from chemical exposure. Age affects absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of chemicals, altering their impact on health.
D. Eye color has no effect on chemical susceptibility or toxicity. This characteristic does not influence how the body responds to chemical exposure.
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