Which of the following structures would aid a cell in allowing more nutrients to be absorbed by the cell?
microvilli
stereocilia
primary cilia
flagella
The Correct Answer is A
A. Microvilli: Microvilli are tiny, finger-like projections on the apical surface of some cells, especially in the small intestine. They increase the surface area of the plasma membrane, allowing the cell to absorb more nutrients efficiently.
B. Stereocilia: Stereocilia are long, non-motile projections found in certain specialized cells, such as in the epididymis, and are primarily involved in mechanosensation and absorption, but they are less widespread than microvilli.
C. Primary cilia: Primary cilia are single, non-motile organelles present on many cells that function mainly as sensory structures to detect environmental signals rather than increase nutrient absorption.
D. Flagella: Flagella are long, whip-like structures used for cell motility, such as in sperm cells. They do not contribute significantly to nutrient absorption.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Most important steroid; cholesterol: Cholesterol is a steroid that serves as a key component of cell membranes and as a precursor for other steroid hormones.
B. Nucleotide; nucleic acid: Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA, so this pairing correctly represents the relationship between the monomer and polymer.
C. Eicosanoid; triglyceride: Eicosanoids are signaling molecules derived from fatty acids, not triglycerides. Triglycerides are energy-storage molecules, so this pairing is incorrect.
D. Monosaccharide; carbohydrate: Monosaccharides, such as glucose and fructose, are the simplest units of carbohydrates, correctly linking the monomer to the macromolecule.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Pinocytosis: Pinocytosis is the process by which cells engulf extracellular fluid and dissolved solutes. It is a form of “cell drinking” and occurs in many cell types but is not specialized for attacking pathogens.
B. Phagocytosis: Phagocytosis is the process by which certain cells, such as macrophages and neutrophils, engulf large particles, bacteria, or debris. It is a key mechanism in the immune response, allowing white blood cells to destroy pathogens.
C. Exocytosis: Exocytosis is the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane to release substances outside the cell. While important for secretion, it is not the mechanism by which pathogens are engulfed.
D. Intracellular vesicular trafficking: This refers to the movement of vesicles within a cell to transport molecules between organelles. It is involved in normal cellular logistics but does not directly involve engulfing pathogens.
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