Atom X has 17 protons. How many electrons are in its valence shell?
10
3
5
7
The Correct Answer is D
A. 10: If atom X has 17 protons, it is chlorine. Its total electrons in the neutral state are also 17. Having 10 electrons in the valence shell would be impossible, since the outermost shell of chlorine can hold only up to 8 electrons.
B. 3: Three valence electrons are characteristic of elements in Group 13, such as aluminum. Chlorine belongs to Group 17, so it does not have three electrons in its outer shell.
C. 5: Five valence electrons correspond to elements in Group 15, such as nitrogen or phosphorus. Since chlorine is in Group 17, it cannot have five electrons in its valence shell.
D. 7: Chlorine has an electron configuration of 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵, which totals 7 electrons in its outermost shell. This matches its placement in Group 17, making 7 the correct number of valence electrons.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. 5% saline solution: A 5% saline solution is hypertonic compared to red blood cells. In such a solution, water would move out of the cells, causing them to shrink and undergo crenation due to osmotic imbalance.
B. 9% saline solution: A 9% saline solution is extremely hypertonic to red blood cells. Exposure to this solution would lead to rapid water loss from the cells, causing severe shrinkage and cellular damage.
C. 0.5% saline solution: A 0.5% saline solution is hypotonic relative to red blood cells. In this environment, water would move into the cells, leading to swelling and potential lysis of the cells.
D. 0.9% saline solution: A 0.9% saline solution is isotonic to red blood cells. This concentration balances the osmotic pressure, preventing net water movement in or out of the cells and maintaining normal cell shape and function.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Collagen: Collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body, forming the structural framework of connective tissues such as skin, bones, tendons, and ligaments. Its fibrous structure provides strength, support, and elasticity to various tissues.
B. Glucose: Glucose is a simple sugar and a primary energy source for cells, not a protein. While essential for metabolism, it does not contribute to the structural protein composition of the body.
C. Hemoglobin: Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells responsible for oxygen transport. Although abundant in blood, its overall quantity in the body is far less than collagen.
D. DNA: DNA is a nucleic acid that stores genetic information. It is not a protein, and while present in all cells, it does not contribute to the protein mass in the body.
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