Which of the following terms describes difficult or labored breathing?
Eupnea
Dyspnea
Hyperpnea
Apnea
The Correct Answer is B
A. Eupnea: Eupnea means normal, unlabored breathing (normal respiratory rate and depth) -not difficult breathing.
B. Dyspnea: Dyspnea describes difficult or labored breathing (shortness of breath).
C. Hyperpnea: Hyperpnea means increased depth and/or rate of breathing (e.g., during exercise), not necessarily “difficult” or labored breathing.
D. Apnea: Apnea means a temporary absence of breathing (no breathing), the opposite of labored breathing.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Muscularis:The muscularis is the smooth muscle layer responsible for peristalsis/segmentation; it contains muscle, not the primary capillary/lymphatic beds for nutrient absorption.
B. Mucosal epithelium: The epithelial layer faces the lumen and absorbs nutrients at the cell surface, but the transport capillaries/lymphatics lie deeper than the epithelium.
C. Serosa: The serosa is the outer connective tissue covering of the gut -it does not contain the nutrient capillaries and lacteals.
D. Lamina propria: The lamina propria (a connective tissue layer within the mucosa) contains blood capillaries and lymphatic lacteals that transport absorbed nutrients.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Chief cells: Chief (zymogenic) cells secrete pepsinogen (precursor to pepsin) and some gastric lipase -not HCl or intrinsic factor.
B. Parietal cells: Parietal cells (oxyntic cells) secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor (necessary for B12 absorption).
C. Mucous neck cells: Mucous neck cells produce mucus (and some protective secretions) to protect the stomach lining -not HCl/intrinsic factor.
D. Enteroendocrine cells: Enteroendocrine cells release hormones (e.g., gastrin, somatostatin) that regulate digestion -do not secrete HCl or intrinsic factor directly.
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