Which of the following types of shock is associated with bradycardia, vasodilation and hypotension?

Neurogenic shock

Cardiogenic shock

Septic shock

Hypovolemic shock

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Neurogenic shock: Neurogenic shock results from disruption of sympathetic nervous system pathways, often due to spinal cord injury. It leads to unopposed parasympathetic activity, causing bradycardia, vasodilation, and hypotension. Unlike other shock types, the loss of vascular tone is a hallmark.

B. Cardiogenic shock: Cardiogenic shock stems from pump failure, typically after myocardial infarction, causing hypotension and poor perfusion. Tachycardia is common as a compensatory response, rather than bradycardia. Vasodilation is usually not a primary feature.

C. Septic shock: Septic shock is characterized by systemic vasodilation, hypotension, and often tachycardia due to infection and inflammatory mediator release. Bradycardia is uncommon. Warm, flushed skin may be present initially. Rapid identification and antibiotics are priorities.

D. Hypovolemic shock: Hypovolemic shock is caused by fluid or blood loss, leading to hypotension and tachycardia as compensation. Vasoconstriction occurs to maintain perfusion, not vasodilation. Bradycardia is rare unless decompensation occurs.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Encourage fluid intake as tolerated: Maintaining hydration is essential in acute hepatitis to support liver function and overall metabolic processes. Fluids help prevent dehydration from fever or nausea. This order is appropriate and supports recovery.

B. Acetaminophen 1 gm Q4 hrs for fever: Acetaminophen is hepatotoxic in high doses or in the presence of liver disease. In acute hepatitis, frequent high doses can worsen liver injury. The nurse should question this order and consult the provider for safer alternatives to manage fever.

C. Low protein diet: Restricting protein is sometimes recommended temporarily in acute hepatitis if the client develops hepatic encephalopathy. This order is generally appropriate based on clinical status.

D. Bed rest: Fatigue is common in acute hepatitis, and bed rest supports energy conservation and recovery. This order is appropriate for the client’s condition.

A. Cardiac monitor shows a pulse rate of 204 B. Serous exudate is leaking from the burns C. Urine output is 20 mL for the past 2 hours D. Blood pressure is 94/50 per arterial line.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Cardiac monitor shows a pulse rate of 204: A markedly elevated heart rate is expected during the early burn-shock phase due to pain, stress, and circulating catecholamines. Although it indicates a hypermetabolic and hypovolemic state, it is not as specific for inadequate fluid resuscitation as reduced urine output, so it is not the most urgent finding.

B. Serous exudate is leaking from the burns: Plasma leakage from damaged capillaries is normal in the first 24–48 hours after a major burn. While this contributes to hypovolemia, its presence alone does not indicate a worsening condition and does not require immediate provider notification compared with signs of renal hypoperfusion.

C. Urine output is 20 mL for the past 2 hours: This extremely low output is a key indicator of inadequate renal perfusion during the resuscitation period. Clients with major burns should maintain 30–50 mL/hr to ensure the kidneys are receiving adequate circulation, making this the most critical finding to report promptly.

D. Blood pressure is 94/50 per arterial line: Borderline hypotension commonly occurs during early burn shock because of fluid shifts into the interstitial space. Although concerning, it is less reliable than urine output for assessing end-organ perfusion.

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Which of the following types of shock is associated with bradycardia, vasodilation and hypotension?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

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