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Which of the following would NOT be restricted (limited by low levels of ATP?

A.

pinocytosis

B.

exocytosis

C.

osmosis

D.

phagocytosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Pinocytosis: Pinocytosis is a form of endocytosis where the cell engulfs extracellular fluid and dissolved solutes. This process requires energy in the form of ATP to allow vesicle formation and internalization, so it is restricted by ATP availability.

B. Exocytosis: Exocytosis involves vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane to release substances outside the cell. The vesicle movement and membrane fusion are energy-dependent processes, making ATP essential for this mechanism.

C. Osmosis: Osmosis is the passive movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane, driven by concentration gradients. Since it does not require cellular energy, it is not restricted by ATP levels and can occur even when ATP is depleted.

D. Phagocytosis: Phagocytosis is the engulfment of large particles or pathogens by the cell. This process requires ATP to reorganize the cytoskeleton and form phagosomes, so limited ATP availability would restrict its function.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Synovial cavities are enclosed spaces found within freely movable joints, such as the knee or elbow. They are lined with a synovial membrane that secretes lubricating synovial fluid, but they do not have direct openings to the external environment. Their primary function is to reduce friction and allow smooth joint movement.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Hip: The coxal joint, also known as the hip joint, is the articulation between the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the pelvic bone. It is a ball-and-socket joint that provides stability and mobility.

B. Foot: The foot contains joints such as the tarsal, metatarsal, and phalangeal joints, which allow for movement and weight bearing. However, none of these are referred to as the coxal joint.

C. Hand: The hand has numerous joints including carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. These joints support fine motor skills but are not associated with the coxal joint.

D. Groin: The groin is the area where the thigh meets the lower abdomen. Although anatomically close to the hip region, the coxal joint itself is specifically part of the hip rather than the groin.

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