Which respiratory volume is excluded while calculating vital capacity?

A. It is the air in the lungs after maximal inhalation: Total lung capacity (TLC) refers to the total amount of air the lungs can hold after maximum inhalation.

B. It is the quantity of air that a person can move into or out of the lungs: This defines vital capacity, not total lung capacity.

C. It is the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a normal tidal expiration: This describes functional residual capacity, not TLC.

D. It is the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled from the lungs after maximum inhalation: This is the definition of vital capacity (VC), not total lung capacity.

A. There are two secondary bronchi in the right lung and three in the left lung: There are three secondary bronchi in the right lung and two in the left lung due to the number of lobes in each lung.

B. The right primary bronchus is more vertical and wider than the left: The right bronchus is more vertical and wider, making foreign objects more likely to enter the right lung.

C. The carina is only present in the left primary branches: The carina is located at the bifurcation of the trachea into the right and left bronchi, not just in the left.

D. Inhaled air does not enter the terminal bronchioles: Inhaled air flows all the way through the bronchial tree, including the terminal bronchioles.