Which statement about latent TB infection is not true?

Latent TB infection is a condition in which TB germs remain in the host in a dormant state.

TB infection without signs or symptoms is classified as latent TB.

Dormant TB germs can reactivate and cause TB disease.

Individuals with latent TB easily spread TB germs.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Rationale:

A. Latent TB infection is a condition in which TB germs remain in the host in a dormant state – True. In this state, the bacteria are alive but inactive, and the host’s immune system keeps them under control, preventing disease.

B. Latent TB is asymptomatic, which is why individuals may be unaware of their infection until screening or exposure testing.

C. Reactivation occurs if the immune system becomes compromised, such as during HIV infection, immunosuppressive therapy, diabetes, malnutrition, or aging. Reactivation leads to active TB disease, which is symptomatic and highly contagious if pulmonary involvement occurs.

D. People with latent TB do not shed the bacteria and therefore cannot transmit TB. Only active pulmonary TB poses a significant infection risk to otherTop of FormBottom of Form

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Rationale:
A. Dystonia is incorrect because dystonia involves sudden, sustained muscle contractions that cause twisting or abnormal postures, often occurring early in treatment. It is usually acute and painful, unlike the repetitive, involuntary movements described here.

B. Akathisia is incorrect because akathisia is characterized by an inner sense of restlessness and an inability to stay still, often leading to constant pacing or fidgeting. It does not involve the involuntary twisting of the tongue and arms.

C. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is incorrect because this is a rare, life-threatening reaction to antipsychotics characterized by fever, muscle rigidity, autonomic instability, and altered mental status, not repetitive involuntary movements.

D. Tardive dyskinesia is correct because it is a late-onset side effect of long-term antipsychotic use, presenting as repetitive, involuntary movements of the face, tongue, lips, and sometimes extremities. The twisting movements of the tongue and arms in this client are classic manifestations of tardive dyskinesia.

A. Asking affected adults to keep a diary of food intake. B. Determining whether clients have a family history of obesity. C. Providing low-fat meal options at public school. D. Measuring client's body mass index (BMI).

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Rationale:
A. Asking affected adults to keep a diary of food intake is incorrect because this intervention targets individual behavior, not the broader environment. It focuses on personal monitoring and self-awareness rather than modifying environmental factors that influence obesity.

B. Determining whether clients have a family history of obesity is incorrect because this addresses host factors, specifically genetic predisposition, rather than environmental influences. It helps identify risk but does not change the environment to prevent obesity.

C. Providing low-fat meal options at public school is correct because it targets the environmental component of the epidemiological triad. By modifying the availability of healthier food options in schools, the intervention reduces environmental risk factors that contribute to obesity at a population level. Environmental interventions aim to make healthy choices easier and more accessible for the community.

D. Measuring a client’s body mass index (BMI) is incorrect because this is a screening and assessment tool that identifies individuals at risk or affected by obesity. It does not alter the environment or reduce incidence; it only monitors the host’s condition.

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Which statement about latent TB infection is not true?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse examines a client who is taking haloperidol for schizophrenia and notices that she habitually twists her tongue and arms. Which side effect should the nurse document in this client's record?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is planning a measure to reduce the incidence of obesity. Which of the following interventions affects the environment according to the epidemiological triad?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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