Why are bone marrow stimulants used in the treatment of cancer?

Rationale:

A. Removing the catheter without first aspirating the vesicant allows the drug to remain in the tissue, increasing the risk of severe local tissue necrosis. This is not the recommended first action.

B. Some vesicant extravasations do require antidote administration, but the antidote is not always given through the IV line itself and typically after the solution is aspirated. Administering through the IV without removing the drug from the tissue first can worsen tissue injury.

C. The priority action is to stop the infusion and carefully aspirate any residual vesicant from the catheter before removing it. This minimizes the amount of vesicant that enters surrounding tissue, reducing necrosis, blistering, and long-term damage. After aspiration, the nurse follows facility protocol for antidote administration, compression (warm or cold depending on the drug), and site monitoring.

D. While elevation and warm or cold compresses are part of post-extravasation care, they are secondary interventions. The priority is to stop the infusion and remove as much vesicant as possible to prevent further tissue injury.

Rationale:

A. Having another type of cancer is not a recognized risk factor for developing chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). While some treatments for other cancers (like chemotherapy or radiation) may slightly increase leukemia risk, simply having another cancer is not a direct risk factor.

B. Exposure to high levels of ionizing radiation is a known risk factor for CML. Historical data from atomic bomb survivors and certain radiation accidents demonstrate increased incidence of CML in those exposed to significant radiation. This is considered one of the primary environmental risk factors for the disease.

C. While CML is associated with the Philadelphia chromosome (a genetic abnormality), this is a somatic mutation acquired during life in hematopoietic stem cells, not an inherited genetic mutation. Therefore, inherited genetic mutations are not a recognized predisposing factor.

D. CML is generally not considered hereditary, and having a family history of CML does not significantly increase risk. Most cases occur sporadically due to acquired mutations in the bone marrow.