A nurse is assisting in planning a training session for newly licensed nurses to discuss commonly missed or misdiagnosed cancers that result in higher mortality rates. Which of the following types of cancer should the nurse include in the discussion?
Prostate cancer
Pancreatic cancer
Skin cancer
Breast cancer
The Correct Answer is B
Rationale:
A. Prostate cancer is often detected early through routine screening such as PSA testing and digital rectal exams. While it is common, it is usually slow-growing, and mortality rates are relatively low compared to cancers that are harder to detect early.
B. Pancreatic cancer is frequently missed or diagnosed late because early stages are often asymptomatic or present with vague symptoms like abdominal discomfort, weight loss, or jaundice. This delayed diagnosis contributes to its high mortality rate, making it a critical example to include in nurse training.
C. Most common skin cancers, such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, are easily detected through visual inspection and are highly treatable, resulting in low mortality rates. Although melanoma is more serious, it is less commonly missed when routine skin exams are performed.
D. Breast cancer is widely screened through mammography, and awareness campaigns have improved early detection. While it is a common cancer, mortality rates are lower due to early diagnosis and treatment.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Covering the implant does not prevent radiation exposure. Radium emits ionizing radiation, which can be harmful to both the patient and healthcare workers. Simply covering it is not a safe or effective response.
B. The appropriate action is to use long-handled forceps to avoid direct contact and place the implant in a lead-lined container to shield from radiation. This protects the nurse from radiation exposure while safely securing the radioactive source. Afterward, the physician or radiation safety officer should be notified immediately.
C. Ignoring a loose radium implant is extremely unsafe. Exposure to the radioactive source can cause serious radiation injury. Immediate action is required; it cannot wait until the next routine visit.
D. Handling the radium implant with bare hands exposes the nurse to dangerous levels of radiation and is contraindicated. Proper shielding and tools must always be used.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. The paste under a colostomy or ileostomy appliance creates a seal between the stoma and the wafer, preventing leakage of effluent onto the skin. Simply taping the wafer may not provide an adequate seal, increasing the risk of leakage, skin irritation, and infection. This response educates the patient on the functional importance of the paste.
B. This response is vague and non-informative, and does not explain why the paste is necessary or the risks of not using it. It fails to address the patient’s concern.
C. This is incorrect. Waterproof tape alone does not conform to the stoma or fill uneven skin surfaces, so it cannot replace the sealant paste, increasing the likelihood of leakage and skin breakdown.
D. While tape can irritate the skin, the main concern is seal integrity and prevention of leakage, not just skin irritation. This explanation does not fully address the functional reason for using paste.
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