Parasitic worm infestation is hypothesized to be damaging to the host. However, scientists have recently discovered that worm infestation can relieve the effects of certain autoimmune disorders, in which of the following ways should the hypothesis be modified, given the new findings?

The inner lining of the uterus is the source of blood and mucosal tissue that is shed during menstruation.

The new findings can be used to generate a hypothesis to reflect the beneficial aspect of worm infestations in certain autoimmune disorders, indicating that they can help reduce the severity of the condition.

The kidneys are the primary organs involved in the excretion of nitrogenous wastes. Nitrogenous wastes are mostly products of protein metabolism in the liver. One of the common nitrogenous waste products is urea, which is excreted through the kidneys.

Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tube and not in the ovary, uterus, or cervical canal.

Rationale

Chromatin refers to a complex of DNA and proteins in human cells. This material is packaged by histones to make up the chromosomes. The chromosomes then contain genetic information that is heritable.

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have a cell membrane. The cell membrane is a barrier that surrounds the cell and separates its internal environment from the external environment.

The experienced mountain climber is replicating the conditions of the past expedition to understand why that earlier attempt was unsuccessful.

ATP is produced by a series of reactions that occur in the mitochondria. The mitochondria have a double membrane structure, with an inner membrane that is folded into cristae. These cristae contain the enzymes and proteins that are involved in the process of cellular respiration, which converts glucose and oxygen into ATP and carbon dioxide.

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain lysozymes that are responsible for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris through intracellular digestion. This process helps maintain cellular health and homeostasis by recycling and degrading cellular components.

The parathyroid hormone (PTH) from the parathyroid glands is important in serum calcium regulation. It increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclasts to break down bone and release calcium into the bloodstream. PTH also enhances the absorption of calcium from the intestines and the kidneys.