Which of the following best describes the result of using a catalyst in a chemical reaction?
The reaction is completed in a shorter amount of time
A more desirable product is often formed
A greater amount of heat energy is released by the reaction
The yield of product is increased
Correct Answer : A
A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed by the reaction.
As a result, the reaction is completed in a shorter amount of time.
Choice B is not correct because using a catalyst does not necessarily result in the formation of a more desirable product.
Choice C is not correct because using a catalyst does not necessarily result in the release of a greater amount of heat energy by the reaction.
Choice D is not correct because using a catalyst does not necessarily increase the yield of product.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration.
In a hypertonic solution, the concentration of solutes outside the cell is higher than inside the cell, so water flows out of the cell through aquaporins embedded in the plasma membrane to balance the concentration gradient.
Choice A.
Facilitated diffusion is not correct because it is a type of passive transport that involves the movement of molecules across a membrane through specific transport proteins, but it does not specifically refer to the movement of water molecules.
Choice B.
Active transport is not correct because it is a type of transport that involves the movement of molecules against their concentration gradient and requires energy in the form of ATP, but osmosis is a passive process that does not require energy.
Choice D.
Diffusion is not correct because it refers to the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, but it does not specifically refer to the movement of water molecules.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The pH scale is a logarithmic scale that measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
A solution with a pH of 7 is neutral, while a solution with a pH less than 7 is acidic and a solution with a pH greater than 7 is alkaline.
Because the pH scale is logarithmic, each whole number change in pH represents a tenfold change in acidity or alkalinity.
Therefore, a substance with a pH of 3 is 10 times more acidic than a substance with a pH of 4.
Choice A.
A substance with a pH of 3 is two times more alkaline than a substance with a pH of 4 is not correct because it incorrectly states that the substance with a lower pH is more alkaline and also incorrectly states the magnitude of the difference in acidity or alkalinity.
Choice B.
A substance with a pH of 3 is two times more acidic than a substance with a pH of 4 is not correct because it correctly states that the substance with a lower pH is more acidic but incorrectly states the magnitude of the difference in acidity.
Choice D.
A substance with a pH of 3 is 10 times more alkaline than a substance with a pH of 4 is not correct because it incorrectly states that the substance with a lower pH is more alkaline.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The cell membrane is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
The cell membrane is a thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells and separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment.
It is composed of a lipid bilayer and regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
Choice B is incorrect because the Golgi apparatus is not present in prokaryotic cells.
The Golgi apparatus is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for transport to other parts of the cell or to be secreted outside the cell.
Choice C is incorrect because chloroplasts are not present in prokaryotic cells.
Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and some algae that are responsible for photosynthesis.
Choice D is incorrect because the endoplasmic reticulum is not present in prokaryotic cells.
The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Microtubule organization.
Centrosomes are organelles that serve as the main microtubule-organizing centers for animal cells.
They regulate the movement of microtubules and other cytoskeletal structures, thereby facilitating changes in the shapes of the membranes of animal cells.
Choice A, Organelle trafficking, is not the correct answer because while centrosomes do play a role in intracellular trafficking during interphase by organizing an astral ray of microtubules, their main function is microtubule organization.
Choice B, Pathogen digestion, is not the correct answer because centrosomes do not play a direct role in pathogen digestion.
Choice C, Cytoplasm formation, is not the correct answer because centrosomes do not play a direct role in cytoplasm formation.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
The cytoskeleton of a cell is comprised of protein fibers that provide structural support and help maintain the shape of the cell.
These protein fibers include microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.
Choice A.
Carbohydrates is not the correct answer because carbohydrates are a type of macromolecule that provides energy to cells and are not a component of the cytoskeleton.
Choice B.
Nucleic acids is not the correct answer because nucleic acids are macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information and are not a component of the cytoskeleton.
Choice C.
Lipids is not the correct answer because lipids are a type of macromolecule that makes up cell membranes and are not a component of the cytoskeleton.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
ff.
In this cross, both parents are homozygous recessive for the smooth leaf trait
(ff).
This means that all of their offspring will inherit two copies of the recessive allele (f) and will therefore have smooth leaves.
Choice A.
FF x FF is not correct because both parents are homozygous dominant for the fuzzy leaf trait (FF) and all of their offspring will inherit two copies of the dominant allele (F) and will therefore have fuzzy leaves.
Choice B.
Ff x Ff is not correct because both parents are heterozygous for the leaf trait (Ff) and their offspring can inherit either one dominant allele (F) or one recessive allele (f) from each parent, resulting in a 3:1 ratio of fuzzy to smooth leaves. Choice D.
Ff x ff is not correct because one parent is heterozygous for the leaf trait (Ff) while the other is homozygous recessive (ff), resulting in a 1:1 ratio of fuzzy to smooth leaves in their offspring.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Heavier objects fall faster than lighter objects.
The data in the table shows that as the number of filters (and therefore the mass) increases, the terminal velocity also increases.
This means that the heavier objects (with more filters) are falling faster than the lighter objects (with fewer filters).
Choice A is not supported by the data in the table as much as it is true.
Terminal velocity is indeed when the force of gravity is equal to air resistance, but this definition does not provide any information about the relationship between mass and terminal velocity.
Choice B is also not supported by the data in the table.
The data does not provide any information about the time it takes for an object to reach terminal velocity.
Choice D is not supported by the data in the table.
The data shows that as the number of filters increases, the terminal velocity also increases.
This means that the greater the number of filters, the greater (not smaller) the terminal velocity.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The hypothesis should be modified to include the new findings that worm infestation can relieve the effects of certain autoimmune disorders.
A possible modification could be: “Parasitic worm infestation can have both damaging and beneficial effects on the host.
While it can cause harm, it has also been found to reduce the severity of certain autoimmune disorders.”
Choice A.
Worm infestation prevents the body from immune malfunction is not correct because it overstates the findings and implies that worm infestation completely prevents immune malfunction, which is not supported by the evidence.
Choice C.
Worm infestations exacerbate the body’s immune reactions is not correct because it contradicts the new findings that worm infestation can relieve the effects of certain autoimmune disorders.
Choice D.
Lack of worm infestations is the cause of some autoimmune disorders is not correct because it overstates the findings and implies a causal relationship between lack of worm infestations and autoimmune disorders, which is not supported by the evidence.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Sodium bicarbonate neutralizes the acidity of chyme.
The pancreas secretes large amounts of sodium bicarbonate, which protects the duodenum by neutralizing the acid that comes from the stomach.
This compound helps neutralize stomach acid generated during the digestive process.
Choice A is incorrect because sodium bicarbonate is not a protease that digests carbohydrates.
Proteases are enzymes that break down proteins, while sodium bicarbonate is a chemical compound that helps neutralize stomach acid.
Choice B is incorrect because sodium bicarbonate does not stimulate the pyloric sphincter.
The pyloric sphincter is a ring of smooth muscle that separates the stomach from the duodenum and regulates the passage of partially digested food (chyme) into the small intestine.
Choice C is incorrect because sodium bicarbonate does not inhibit peristalsis.
Peristalsis is a series of wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Testosterone is classified as an androgen hormone.
Androgens are a type of sex hormone that primarily regulates the development and maintenance of male characteristics, such as body hair growth, muscle mass, and deepening of the voice.
Testosterone is produced primarily in the testes in males and in smaller amounts in the ovaries and adrenal glands in females.
Option A, estrogen, is a female hormone that regulates the development of female sexual characteristics, such as breast growth and menstruation.
While estrogen and testosterone are both steroid hormones and can be converted to one another in the body, testosterone is not categorized as estrogen.
Option B, progestin, is a synthetic form of the hormone progesterone.
Progesterone is a female hormone that plays a role in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.
Testosterone and progestin are not related, and testosterone is not categorized as progestin.
Option C, aldosterone, is a mineralocorticoid hormone that regulates salt and water balance in the body.
It is produced in the adrenal gland and plays a role in regulating blood pressure.
Testosterone and aldosterone are not related, and testosterone is not categorized as aldosterone.
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