Which of the following options contains formal, rather than informal language?

Option D uses formal standard English without contractions or slang. The other options contain contractions or informal phrases less suitable for formal writing.

Starting with 3 sets the scene, 4 introduces conflict, 2 shows the dog's reaction, and 1 provides a concluding statement. This order follows a logical chronological progression.

The prefix "il-" means "not," so "illiterate" means unable to read or write. Other options have different meanings: alliteration is a literary device, obliterate means to destroy, and preliterate refers to before literacy.

Option B uses the apostrophe correctly to show possession—"Our home's roof" indicates that the roof belongs to the home. The other options misuse apostrophes either by adding them unnecessarily or placing them incorrectly.

"Dogs" is plural and requires the plural verb "run," not "runs." The other sentences have correct agreement.

The thesis statement is your original idea or argument and does not require a citation. Summaries, charts, and theories taken from other works must be cited to credit the original sources.

All pairs are homophones—they sound alike but have different meanings and spellings.

: For a singular noun, add apostrophe + s to show possession: "cat's toy." "Cats'" would be plural possessive.

A complete sentence must have a subject and a verb. Options A, B, and C are fragments lacking a subject performing the action. Option D contains the subject "He" and the verb phrase "quickly jogs," making it a full sentence.

A complex sentence contains an independent and at least one dependent clause, as in option B.