Hesi Biology Practice Test

Eating large amounts of turnips and beets can lead to a condition called beeturia, which causes the urine and skin to turn a reddish or purplish color. This condition is harmless and is caused by the betalain pigments present in these vegetables. As a strict vegetarian, it is possible that the client consumes large amounts of these vegetables, which could explain the unusual skin color.

Rice and eggs, carrots and squash, spinach and mustard greens are not known to cause unusual skin color. However, it is important for the nurse to ask the client about her diet and any supplements she may be taking to beter understand the cause of the unusual skin color.

Blood then carry them to target cells or organs throughout the body. Hormones are chemical messengers that help to regulate various physiological processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction. Unlike exocrine glands (option a), which secrete their products into ducts that carry them to external surfaces such as the skin or digestive tract, endocrine glands have no ducts and release their secretions directly into the circulatory system. Salivary glands (option d) are exocrine glands that secrete saliva into ducts leading to the mouth. Option b is also incorrect as it does not accurately describe endocrine glands.

A hinge joint is a type of synovial joint that allows movement in only one plane, like a door hinge. The elbow joint is made up of the humerus bone in the upper arm, the ulna bone and the radius bone in the forearm. It allows flexion and extension movements, like the opening and closing of a hinge.

The quadriceps femoris group is a group of four muscles located in the anterior compartment of the thigh. These muscles are responsible for extending the leg at the knee joint. The four muscles that make up the quadriceps femoris group are the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and vastus lateralis.

The vastus lateralis is the largest of the four muscles and is located on the lateral side of the thigh. It originates from the greater trochanter of the femur, the lateral lip of the linea aspera, and the lateral intermuscular septum. It inserts into the patella and the tibial tuberosity via the patellar tendon. The vastus lateralis is responsible for extending the leg at the knee joint and is also involved in stabilizing the patella.

Dermal papillae are small, raised structures in the dermis of the skin. They contain nerve endings, capillaries, and other specialized cells. Dermal papillae are responsible for creating fingerprints, as they push up into the epidermis and create ridges on the surface of the skin. These ridges are what give each person their unique patern of fingerprints. Sudoriferous glands are responsible for producing sweat, Merkel cells are involved in touch sensation, and arrector pili are responsible for the contraction of hair follicles

The anatomical position is a standardized reference position used to describe the human body. In this position, the person stands erect with their feet together and their arms at their sides, with the palms of the hands facing forward (anteriorly). This position is used as a reference for describing the location of different parts of the body.

The urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs, including the uterus, ovaries, and testes, are in the pelvic cavity. The pelvic cavity is a bony structure formed by the pelvis and contains the terminal portions of the digestive tract, urinary tract, and reproductive tract. It is situated inferior to the abdominal cavity and is separated from it by the pelvic brim, which is a rim of bone formed by the iliac crests, sacrum, and pubic bones. The pelvic cavity is bounded by the pelvic bones and the pelvic diaphragm and is lined with pelvic peritoneum.

Hematoma formation occurs immediately after the bone is fractured. The blood vessels that have been damaged due to the fracture bleed and form a hematoma or a blood clot.

Next, callus formation begins, which involves the accumulation of fibrous tissue, cartilage, and new bone cells around the fracture site, forming a soft callus.

The soft callus then undergoes callus ossification, in which the fibrous tissue and cartilage are gradually replaced by hardened new bone tissue.

Finally, bone remodeling occurs, which involves the reshaping of the newly formed bone tissue to match the shape of the original bone, and the removal of any excess bone material.

Therefore, option b, hematoma formation, Callus formation, Callus ossification, Bone remodeling, is the correct sequence of repair as a fractured bone goes through the healing process.

A ball and socket joint is a type of synovial joint where the rounded head of one bone fits into the concave socket of another bone, allowing movement in multiple directions. The shoulder joint is a classic example of a ball and socket joint, where the rounded head of the humerus bone fits into the shallow socket of the scapula bone, allowing for a wide range of movements such as flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. The ankle joint is a hinge joint, the elbow joint is a hinge joint, and the knee joint is a complex hinge joint.

During anaerobic respiration, some living systems use an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor. Processes that use an organic molecule to regenerate NAD+ from NADH are collectively referred to as fermentation. One type of fermentation is lactic acid fermentation, which produces lactic acid (lactate) and NAD+1. The accumulation of lactic acid can lead to a burning sensation in muscles during intense exercise.