A 16-year-old girl presents to the psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner with a chief complaint of depression. During the psychiatric evaluation, the client states that she is taking a medication the PMHNP recognizes as a depression-inducer. Which of the following medications possibly induced depression in this client?
Dextromethorphan
Diphenhydramine
Isotretinoin
Pseudoephedrine
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Dextromethorphan is a cough suppressant with NMDA antagonist properties. While it can cause dissociation or mood changes at high doses, it is not commonly associated with inducing depression.
Choice B reason: Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine that may cause sedation or cognitive dulling but is not typically linked to depressive symptoms.
Choice C reason: Isotretinoin, used for severe acne, has been associated with psychiatric side effects including depression and suicidal ideation, particularly in adolescents. Its neuropsychiatric risk profile is well-documented and warrants close monitoring.
Choice D reason: Pseudoephedrine is a decongestant that may cause agitation or insomnia but is not known to induce depression.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Freud's psychosexual stages do not include a "urethral" stage. Freud's theory includes oral, anal, phallic, latent, and genital stages. The urethral phase is sometimes referenced in psychoanalytic literature but is not part of Freud's core developmental model. It does not pertain to cognitive concepts like reversibility or conservation.
Choice B reason: Piaget's concrete operational stage spans ages 7 to 11 and is characterized by the development of logical thinking about concrete events. During this stage, children begin to understand the concepts of conservation (the idea that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape or appearance) and reversibility (the ability to mentally reverse actions). These cognitive abilities are hallmarks of this developmental phase.
Choice C reason: Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage occurs between ages 3 and 6 and focuses on the development of initiative through play and social interaction. While important for emotional and social development, it does not encompass the cognitive milestones of conservation and reversibility.
Choice D reason: Bowlby's clear-cut attachment phase refers to a period in infancy (around 6 to 24 months) when children show strong attachment behaviors toward primary caregivers. This stage is related to emotional bonding and attachment, not cognitive development.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Sublimation is a mature defense mechanism where socially unacceptable impulses are transformed into socially acceptable actions. Jason’s shift from drug use to extreme sports channels his need for stimulation into a constructive outlet, making this a textbook example of sublimation.
Choice B reason: Suppression involves consciously choosing to delay or avoid dealing with distressing thoughts or feelings. Jason is not avoiding his impulses; he is redirecting them, which is more consistent with sublimation.
Choice C reason: Projection involves attributing one’s own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to someone else. Jason is not externalizing blame or emotions onto others, so this does not apply.
Choice D reason: Transference refers to redirecting feelings about significant others onto the therapist. Jason’s statement is about his own coping strategy, not about the therapeutic relationship.
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