A 17-year-old boy presents to the psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner at the request of his mother. He has a chief complaint of anxiety. During the evaluation, he states that he worries about his friends who engage in risky behavior when they drink. He says he “sometimes” drinks on weekends, but his father was an alcoholic so he would never let it get “that far.” Which of the following is an effective screening tool for substance use and high-risk behaviors in children and adolescents?
CAGE
Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)
CRAFFT (Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Friends, Trouble)
Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol (CIWA-AR)
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: The CAGE questionnaire is designed for adults and lacks sensitivity for adolescent substance use patterns. It does not address the social and behavioral context relevant to youth.
Choice B reason: The AUDIT is a validated tool for identifying alcohol use disorders but is more appropriate for adults. While it can be adapted for adolescents, CRAFFT is preferred due to its developmental appropriateness.
Choice C reason: The CRAFFT screening tool is specifically developed for adolescents and young adults. It assesses both substance use and associated risky behaviors, making it ideal for this scenario. It is brief, easy to administer, and validated for use in pediatric populations.
Choice D reason: The CIWA-AR is used to assess alcohol withdrawal severity in individuals already diagnosed with alcohol dependence. It is not a screening tool and is inappropriate for initial assessment in adolescents.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: This statement inaccurately defines informed consent. Informed consent is the process by which a competent individual voluntarily agrees to a proposed treatment after understanding its nature, risks, and benefits. It does not itself determine competency.
Choice B reason: Competency is indeed a legal determination made by a court, not a clinical judgment. While clinicians assess decision-making capacity, legal competency is formally adjudicated and has implications for guardianship and consent.
Choice C reason: This is incorrect. Individuals are presumed competent unless legally declared otherwise. The burden of proof lies in demonstrating incompetency, not the reverse.
Choice D reason: This describes decision-making capacity, which is a clinical concept. While related to competency, capacity is assessed by healthcare providers and can vary by situation. Competency, however, is a broader legal status.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Financial dependence is a characteristic of childhood but does not fully explain their vulnerability in healthcare or research contexts. Vulnerability is more about autonomy and protection.
Choice B reason: Children are considered vulnerable because they lack the cognitive and legal capacity to make informed decisions, advocate for themselves, or recognize and avoid harm. This necessitates special protections in clinical, legal, and research settings.
Choice C reason: While children may be exposed to communicable diseases due to social interaction, this is a public health concern rather than a defining feature of vulnerability.
Choice D reason: The anti-vaccination movement poses risks, but vulnerability is not defined by epidemiological trends. It is rooted in developmental and legal incapacity to self-protect.
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