A 2-month-old infant contracts a disease via vertical transmission. Which situation should the nurse investigate further to determine how the infant may have been exposed to the disease?
The infant received a scheduled immunization.
The father gave the infant spoiled baby food.
The infant was bitten by an infected mosquito.
The mother is breastfeeding the infant.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Scheduled immunizations are administered using sterile technique and do not transmit disease. Vaccines are designed to prevent illness, not cause it, and are not a source of vertical transmission.
Choice B reason: Spoiled baby food may cause foodborne illness, but this is considered horizontal transmission. Vertical transmission refers to disease passed from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.
Choice C reason: Mosquito bites are a form of horizontal transmission and are not relevant to vertical transmission. Diseases like malaria or Zika may be transmitted this way, but not from mother to child directly.
Choice D reason: Breastfeeding is a known route of vertical transmission for certain infections such as HIV and cytomegalovirus. The nurse should investigate maternal health status and potential infectious exposures to determine the source of transmission.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: While referral to hospice care may be appropriate, it does not directly address the client’s financial concerns or provide immediate emotional support. Hospice services may also have eligibility criteria that need to be assessed.
Choice B reason: Social security disability may not be applicable at this stage of illness, especially if the client is already in end-stage liver failure and nearing death. The process is lengthy and may not provide timely relief.
Choice C reason: Involving the social worker ensures that the client receives expert guidance on financial planning, insurance options, and community resources. This action directly addresses the client’s expressed concern and facilitates holistic care.
Choice D reason: Encouraging emotional expression is supportive but insufficient. The client needs concrete assistance with financial planning and resource navigation, which falls within the social worker’s scope.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: This question explores trends over time but does not address the implications of the current demographic structure. It is useful for planning but does not reveal systemic gaps.
Choice B reason: Gender distribution may inform service design but does not identify economic or social burdens associated with a young population.
Choice C reason: Income level is relevant for assessing access to care but does not directly relate to the demographic impact on community resources.
Choice D reason: The dependency ratio reflects the proportion of dependents (youth and elderly) to the working-age population. A high percentage of youth increases the dependency burden, affecting healthcare, education, and economic planning. This question shows insight into systemic implications.
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