A 27-year-old pregnant woman of Ashkenazi Jewish descent presents with her partner, a man of Cajun descent, to the nurse practitioner for a prenatal visit. Which rare inherited disorder, which progressively destroys neurons in the brain and spinal cord, should the couple be screened for?
Huntington's disease
Cystic fibrosis
Muscular dystrophy
Tay-Sachs disease
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Huntington’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a trinucleotide repeat expansion in the HTT gene. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern and typically presents in mid-adulthood. It is not commonly screened for in prenatal visits unless there is a known family history.
Choice B reason: Cystic fibrosis is a common autosomal recessive disorder affecting the lungs and pancreas. While it is included in many prenatal screening panels, it does not primarily cause progressive destruction of neurons in the brain and spinal cord. It is more associated with respiratory and gastrointestinal complications.
Choice C reason: Muscular dystrophy refers to a group of genetic disorders characterized by progressive muscle weakness. While some forms, like Duchenne muscular dystrophy, are screened for in certain populations, they do not primarily affect neurons in the brain and spinal cord.
Choice D reason: Tay-Sachs disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme hexosaminidase A. It leads to progressive neurodegeneration and is especially prevalent among individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish and Cajun descent. Prenatal screening is recommended for couples from these backgrounds due to the increased carrier frequency.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is correct. When slough or eschar obscures the wound bed, the ulcer is classified as unstageable until the base is visible. Accurate staging requires assessment of tissue depth and type.
Choice B reason: This is correct. Pressure ulcers do not progress through stages as they heal. For example, a stage 4 ulcer does not become a stage 3 ulcer during healing. Instead, it is described as a “healing stage 4 ulcer.”
Choice C reason: This is correct. In individuals with dark skin, early signs of pressure injury may present as persistent discoloration rather than visible redness. Recognizing these variations is essential for early detection.
Choice D reason: This is incorrect. The presence of a pressure ulcer may reflect inadequate care, poor mobility support, or lack of access to services. While not always indicative of neglect, it warrants evaluation of the patient’s support system and care environment.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: The overall incidence of schizophrenia is slightly higher in men than in women. Men tend to have an earlier onset and more severe course, while women often have a later onset and better social functioning.
Choice B reason: Women are more likely to experience a second peak of schizophrenia onset after age 40, often associated with hormonal changes such as menopause. This late-onset pattern is less common in men, making this statement accurate.
Choice C reason: Women may experience fewer negative symptoms and better social outcomes, but psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions can be equally present. The course of psychosis is not necessarily milder in women.
Choice D reason: While women may respond better to treatment and have better social functioning, the frequency of psychotic symptoms does not consistently decrease more than in men. Symptom trajectory varies individually.
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