What role does iodine play in the regulation of the thyroid gland?
Too much iodine can cause hypothyroidism.
Small changes in iodine intake are sufficient to reset the thyroid system at different serum TSH levels
Too little iodine can cause hyperthyroidism
Iodine is not involved in the regulation of the thyroid
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Excessive iodine intake can paradoxically inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis through the Wolff-Chaikoff effect, leading to hypothyroidism. This autoregulatory mechanism protects against hyperthyroidism but can result in reduced hormone production if iodine levels remain high.
Choice B reason: While iodine intake influences thyroid function, small changes do not “reset” the thyroid system. The thyroid gland responds to iodine availability, but regulation is more complex and involves feedback from TSH and circulating thyroid hormones.
Choice C reason: Iodine deficiency typically leads to hypothyroidism, not hyperthyroidism. In rare cases, iodine deficiency may cause goiter and nodular thyroid disease, which can result in hyperthyroidism, but this is not the usual outcome.
Choice D reason: Iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4). It is directly involved in thyroid regulation, and its absence or excess can significantly impact thyroid function.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Hematemesis is the vomiting of blood and is a hallmark sign of upper GI bleeding, not lower. It typically results from bleeding in the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum. Lower GI bleeding does not cause hematemesis because the bleeding occurs distal to the stomach and is not regurgitated.
Choice B reason: Melena refers to black, tarry stools caused by the digestion of blood in the gastrointestinal tract. It is a sign of upper GI bleeding, not lower. The blood must be exposed to digestive enzymes long enough to change color and consistency, which occurs in the upper GI tract.
Choice C reason: Melena is most commonly associated with upper GI bleeding, particularly from sources such as peptic ulcers, esophageal varices, or gastric erosions. The dark color results from hemoglobin breakdown during transit through the GI tract, confirming an upper origin.
Choice D reason: Hematochezia, or the passage of bright red blood per rectum, is typically associated with lower GI bleeding, such as from the colon or rectum. While rapid upper GI bleeding can occasionally present this way, it is not the typical presentation and should not be used to define upper GI bleeding.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: While schizophrenia often begins in late adolescence or early adulthood, this age range is more typical for males. Women tend to have a slightly later onset, often in their late twenties to early thirties.
Choice B reason: The typical age of onset for schizophrenia in women is between 25 and 35 years. This later onset compared to men may be influenced by hormonal factors such as estrogen, which has neuroprotective effects and may delay symptom emergence.
Choice C reason: The 16–20 age range is more characteristic of early-onset schizophrenia, which is rare and more frequently observed in males. It is not the typical age range for women.
Choice D reason: Onset between 40–50 years is considered late-onset schizophrenia, which is uncommon and more frequently seen in women, but it is not typical. Most cases in women begin earlier.
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