A 30-year-old woman tells the nurse that she has been very unsteady and has had difficulty in maintaining her balance. Which area of the brain that is related to these findings would concern the nurse?

Brainstem

Cerebellum

Extrapyramidal tract

Thalamus

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A.   The brainstem controls basic life functions but is not primarily responsible for balance.
B.   The cerebellum is directly involved in maintaining balance and coordination. Issues with the cerebellum would likely cause unsteadiness and difficulty in maintaining balance.
C.   The extrapyramidal system influences motor control but is less directly responsible for balance compared to the cerebellum.
D.   The thalamus acts as a relay center for sensory and motor signals but does not specifically control balance.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. This area is used to assess the mitral area, not the pulmonic area.
B. The left fifth intercostal space at the midclavicular line. This is the correct location to assess the mitral area of the heart, not the pulmonic area.
C. This is the correct area to assess the pulmonic valve, not the left side.
D. This is the correct location to assess for the pulmonic area, where the second heart sound is best heard and where pulsations may be noted.

A. Hormonal changes causing vasodilation resulting in hypotension B. Atrophy of the muscles causing venous insufficiency C. Peripheral blood vessels become more rigid producing a rise in systolic blood pressure. D. Narrowing of the inferior vena cava causing, bilateral lower extremities varicosities

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Hormonal changes can occur, but they typically do not cause significant vasodilation or hypotension in the elderly.
B. Atrophy of the muscles causing venous insufficiency. While venous insufficiency can occur in aging, muscle atrophy is not the primary factor in this issue.
C. Peripheral blood vessels become more rigid producing a rise in systolic blood pressure. This is a common and expected finding in the elderly due to arteriosclerosis, leading to increased systolic blood pressure.
D. The inferior vena cava does not typically narrow with age, and varicosities are more likely due to vein elasticity changes, not narrowing.

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A 30-year-old woman tells the nurse that she has been very unsteady and has had difficulty in maintaining her balance. Which area of the brain that is related to these findings would concern the nurse?

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