A 32-year-old woman presents to the psychiatric nurse practitioner with a 3-month history of concentration difficulty, irritability, and depression. She has not experienced these symptoms at any other time in her life. During an extensive history inquiry, the woman states that 4 months prior to her visit with the nurse practitioner, she had experienced a short-term flu-like illness and noticed a bull's eye-shaped rash on her calf. She has noted no other symptoms since then, until the mood symptoms began. Her physical examination and laboratory findings are within normal limits. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Syphilis
Chronic fatigue syndrome
Lyme disease
Adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Syphilis can cause neuropsychiatric symptoms in tertiary stages but is unlikely with an acute bull’s eye rash and flu-like symptoms preceding mood changes.
Choice B reason: Chronic fatigue syndrome is characterized by prolonged fatigue lasting at least 6 months, often with cognitive impairment, but does not usually present with a recent erythema migrans rash.
Choice C reason: This is correct. The patient’s history of a flu-like illness and a bull's eye-shaped rash (erythema migrans) is characteristic of early Lyme disease. Post-infectious neuropsychiatric symptoms such as depression and irritability may develop weeks to months after initial infection.
Choice D reason: Adult ADHD would present with long-standing attention deficits from childhood, not a sudden onset following an infectious illness.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Social learning involves modeling behavior and reinforcement, not eliciting self-reflection on behavior.
Choice B reason: This is correct. Motivational interviewing uses open-ended questions, reflective listening, and strategic prompts to help clients recognize discrepancies between their current behavior and long-term goals, promoting intrinsic motivation to change.
Choice C reason: Person-centered therapy emphasizes empathy, unconditional positive regard, and client self-exploration, not direct elicitation of ambivalence.
Choice D reason: Transactional analysis focuses on interpersonal communication and ego states, not targeted behavioral change through motivational questioning.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Heparin is indicated for cerebral thrombosis to prevent clot propagation in ischemic strokes.
Choice B reason: This is correct. Heparin is contraindicated in hemorrhagic stroke because it increases the risk of further bleeding in the brain.
Choice C reason: Heparin is commonly used for prophylaxis of embolic events in high-risk patients, such as those undergoing surgery or prolonged immobilization.
Choice D reason: Heparin is a first-line therapy for pulmonary embolism to prevent clot extension and reduce morbidity and mortality.
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