A 33-year-old woman has been treated for major depression for 2 years with escitalopram (Lexapro) 20 mg. She presents to your office with flu-like symptoms, dizziness, nausea, and "brain zaps." She reports she ran out of her medication and forgot to get it refilled. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Serotonin syndrome
Serotonin discontinuation syndrome
Extrapyramidal syndrome
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Serotonin syndrome results from excessive serotonergic activity, often due to drug interactions or overdose. It presents with hyperreflexia, agitation, and autonomic instability, not flu-like symptoms or brain zaps.
Choice B reason: Serotonin discontinuation syndrome occurs when SSRIs like escitalopram are abruptly stopped. Symptoms include dizziness, nausea, fatigue, flu-like symptoms, and brain zaps. This syndrome is common with short half-life SSRIs and matches the patient’s presentation.
Choice C reason: Extrapyramidal symptoms are motor-related side effects of antipsychotics, including tremors, rigidity, and dystonia. They are unrelated to SSRI discontinuation.
Choice D reason: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a life-threatening reaction to antipsychotics, characterized by muscle rigidity, fever, and autonomic instability. It does not occur with SSRI withdrawal.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Accurate empathy involves understanding and reflecting the client’s feelings in a way that validates their experience without projecting the clinician’s own emotions. The PMHNP’s response is more emotionally loaded and personal than what accurate empathy typically entails.
Choice B reason: Sympathy refers to expressing sorrow or pity for someone else’s misfortune. The PMHNP’s statement, “Oh no! That is awful! You must be so heartbroken,” conveys emotional concern and pity, which aligns with the definition of sympathy.
Choice C reason: Confrontation in therapy involves challenging the client’s thoughts or behaviors to promote insight or change. There is no element of challenge or discrepancy in the PMHNP’s response, so this does not apply.
Choice D reason: Specificity refers to providing clear, precise feedback or communication. The PMHNP’s response is emotionally expressive but not specific in terms of therapeutic guidance or feedback.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Propranolol is a beta-blocker used for anxiety, hypertension, and migraine prophylaxis. It does not increase serotonin levels and is not associated with serotonin syndrome, making it an unlikely cause of the described symptoms.
Choice B reason: Topiramate is an anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer used for epilepsy and migraine prevention. It does not significantly affect serotonin pathways and is not known to cause serotonin syndrome.
Choice C reason: Sumatriptan is a serotonin receptor agonist used for acute migraine treatment. When combined with SSRIs like sertraline, it can precipitate serotonin syndrome—a potentially life-threatening condition characterized by hyperthermia, autonomic instability, neuromuscular abnormalities, and altered mental status. The timing and symptoms strongly suggest this interaction.
Choice D reason: Naproxen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for pain and inflammation. It does not interact with serotonergic systems and is not associated with serotonin syndrome.
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