A mother calls her 20-year-old daughter's university professor to insist he change her grade. A structural family therapist would assume what?
This family has clear boundaries.
This family has rigid boundaries.
This family has diffuse boundaries.
This family supports individuation.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Clear boundaries in a family system allow for healthy autonomy and appropriate involvement between members. A mother intervening in her adult daughter’s academic affairs suggests a lack of autonomy, which contradicts the concept of clear boundaries.
Choice B reason: Rigid boundaries are characterized by emotional distance and disengagement between family members. The mother’s overinvolvement in her daughter’s academic life does not reflect rigidity but rather excessive enmeshment.
Choice C reason: Diffuse boundaries are marked by overinvolvement, lack of autonomy, and blurred roles between family members. The mother’s action—intervening in her adult daughter’s academic affairs—demonstrates a lack of differentiation and autonomy, which is a hallmark of diffuse boundaries in structural family therapy.
Choice D reason: Individuation refers to the process of developing autonomy and a distinct identity. The mother’s behavior undermines individuation by not allowing her daughter to manage her own academic responsibilities.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Freud's psychosexual stages do not include a "urethral" stage. Freud's theory includes oral, anal, phallic, latent, and genital stages. The urethral phase is sometimes referenced in psychoanalytic literature but is not part of Freud's core developmental model. It does not pertain to cognitive concepts like reversibility or conservation.
Choice B reason: Piaget's concrete operational stage spans ages 7 to 11 and is characterized by the development of logical thinking about concrete events. During this stage, children begin to understand the concepts of conservation (the idea that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape or appearance) and reversibility (the ability to mentally reverse actions). These cognitive abilities are hallmarks of this developmental phase.
Choice C reason: Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage occurs between ages 3 and 6 and focuses on the development of initiative through play and social interaction. While important for emotional and social development, it does not encompass the cognitive milestones of conservation and reversibility.
Choice D reason: Bowlby's clear-cut attachment phase refers to a period in infancy (around 6 to 24 months) when children show strong attachment behaviors toward primary caregivers. This stage is related to emotional bonding and attachment, not cognitive development.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Coping questions focus on how the client has managed difficulties in the past or present. They aim to identify strengths and resilience, not hypothetical resolutions.
Choice B reason: Exception questions explore times when the problem did not occur or was less severe. They help identify patterns and solutions but do not involve imagining a complete resolution.
Choice C reason: Miracle questions are a hallmark of solution-focused therapy. They invite clients to envision a future without their current problems, helping to clarify goals and desired outcomes. This is the correct classification of the therapist’s question.
Choice D reason: Scaling questions ask clients to rate their experiences or progress on a numerical scale. They are used to assess intensity or change, not to imagine problem resolution.
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