A 36-year-old woman with stage 2 breast cancer presents to the nurse practitioner with questions about contraception. Which is the safest contraceptive method for a woman with active breast cancer?
Copper IUD
Progesterone-only pill
Combined oral contraceptives
Implant
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: The copper intrauterine device (IUD) is a non-hormonal contraceptive method and is considered the safest option for women with active breast cancer. Since it does not release hormones, it avoids the risk of hormone-sensitive tumor stimulation and provides highly effective long-term contraception.
Choice B reason: Progesterone-only pills contain synthetic progestins, which may pose a risk in hormone-sensitive breast cancers. Although they are sometimes used in select cases, they are generally avoided in women with active breast cancer due to potential hormonal influence on tumor growth.
Choice C reason: Combined oral contraceptives contain both estrogen and progestin, which are contraindicated in women with breast cancer due to their potential to stimulate hormone receptor-positive tumors. This method is not safe for this patient population.
Choice D reason: Hormonal implants release progestin over time and are not recommended for women with active breast cancer. Like other hormonal methods, they may increase the risk of cancer progression in hormone-sensitive cases.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: The copper intrauterine device (IUD) is a non-hormonal contraceptive method and is considered the safest option for women with active breast cancer. Since it does not release hormones, it avoids the risk of hormone-sensitive tumor stimulation and provides highly effective long-term contraception.
Choice B reason: Progesterone-only pills contain synthetic progestins, which may pose a risk in hormone-sensitive breast cancers. Although they are sometimes used in select cases, they are generally avoided in women with active breast cancer due to potential hormonal influence on tumor growth.
Choice C reason: Combined oral contraceptives contain both estrogen and progestin, which are contraindicated in women with breast cancer due to their potential to stimulate hormone receptor-positive tumors. This method is not safe for this patient population.
Choice D reason: Hormonal implants release progestin over time and are not recommended for women with active breast cancer. Like other hormonal methods, they may increase the risk of cancer progression in hormone-sensitive cases.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Acute bronchitis is most commonly caused by viral infections that trigger inflammation of the bronchial walls. This leads to mucosal thickening, epithelial damage, and increased mucus production, resulting in cough and wheezing. The epithelial injury contributes to the symptoms and transient airflow limitation.
Choice B reason: This describes emphysema, a chronic condition involving destruction of alveolar walls and irreversible airflow obstruction. Acute bronchitis does not involve alveolar destruction.
Choice C reason: This describes asthma, which involves chronic inflammation, mucus plugging, and bronchial smooth muscle contraction. While bronchitis may cause wheezing, it does not involve the same pathophysiologic mechanisms.
Choice D reason: This describes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which involves alveolar-capillary membrane damage and fluid leakage. It is a severe condition unrelated to the typical presentation of acute bronchitis.
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