A 4-month-old with hydrocephalus is admitted to the hospital for shunt revision. When assessing for increased intracranial pressure, the nurse should observe the child for which finding(s)? Select all that apply.
Fever greater than 101.5° F (38.6° C).
Decreased urinary output.
Sunsetting eyes.
Bulging anterior fontanel.
Jugular venous distension.
Correct Answer : C,D
A. Fever greater than 101.5° F (38.6° C): Fever may indicate infection, such as meningitis or shunt infection, but it is not a primary sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in infants.
B. Decreased urinary output: Oliguria is not a typical early sign of increased ICP. While it can occur with severe systemic compromise, it is not a direct indicator of ICP changes.
C. Sunsetting eyes: The “sunsetting” sign, where the eyes appear driven downward with the sclera visible above the iris, is a classic indicator of increased ICP in infants due to hydrocephalus and should be closely monitored.
D. Bulging anterior fontanel: A bulging anterior fontanel reflects increased pressure within the cranial vault and is a key early sign of increased ICP in infants.
E. Jugular venous distension: Jugular venous distension is more indicative of cardiac or fluid overload issues rather than increased ICP in infants.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Last dose and type of rescue inhaler used by the child: Knowing the timing and type of rescue medication is critical in an acute asthma exacerbation to determine if additional doses or alternative therapies are needed immediately.
B. Frequency that the child uses a rescue inhaler during the week: While important for long-term asthma management, it is less critical during an acute, life-threatening episode where immediate intervention is required.
C. Type of allergen exposure or trigger for the current episode: Identifying triggers can help prevent future episodes but does not influence immediate treatment for the child’s current severe respiratory distress.
D. Type of inhaler the child typically uses on a regular basis: Knowing routine inhalers is relevant for chronic management but does not provide immediate guidance for emergency treatment of acute airway compromise.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Maintain the client on bedrest: The client’s symptoms are consistent with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Bedrest with limited movement prevents dislodgment of the clot, which could otherwise travel to the lungs and cause a pulmonary embolism. This is the safest initial intervention while anticoagulation is being started.
B. Administer the client's routine daily aspirin: Aspirin has antiplatelet effects but is not the treatment of choice for acute DVT. Starting aspirin with heparin therapy is not recommended, as it increases the risk of bleeding without additional therapeutic benefit.
C. Encourage a diet high in iron and ascorbic acid: While iron and vitamin C support red blood cell production, this dietary intervention does not address the acute management of a thrombus. It may be useful in anemia prevention but is not a priority here.
D. Encourage the client to dangle the legs frequently: Dangling the legs promotes venous stasis and may worsen the clot or increase the risk of embolization. Clients with DVT should avoid activities that increase venous pooling until cleared by the healthcare provider.
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