A 40-year-old female is diagnosed with cervical cancer after a Pap smear. Which of the following cellular changes would the nurse most likely see in the report?
dysplasia
atrophy
metaplasia
hypertrophy
The Correct Answer is A
A. dysplasia: Dysplasia is disordered, atypical cellular growth and architecture (precancerous changes) commonly seen on Pap smears and most associated with cervical cancer.
B. atrophy: Atrophy is a reduction in cell size/function (e.g., muscle wasting) and is not characteristic of malignant transformation.
C. metaplasia: Metaplasia is reversible replacement of one adult cell type by another (e.g., endocervical columnar → squamous), and while it can precede dysplasia, it is not itself cancer.
D. hypertrophy: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size (not a feature of cancer development).
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. myelogram: A myelogram is an imaging study in which contrast is injected into the subarachnoid space to visualize the spinal canal on x-ray/CT - it is primarily imaging, not the laboratory analysis of CSF.
B. BUN: Blood urea nitrogen is a blood chemistry test (kidney function) and does not analyze cerebrospinal fluid.
C. lumbar puncture: A lumbar puncture (spinal tap) is the procedure used to collect cerebrospinal fluid for laboratory analysis (cells, glucose, protein, culture, etc.).
D. IVP: An intravenous pyelogram (IVP) is an imaging study of the urinary tract using contrast - unrelated to CSF.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Aspirin: Aspirin is an NSAID with anti-inflammatory effects but it is not classically immunosuppressive.
B. Cortisone: Cortisone (a glucocorticoid) has both anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive actions (reduces cytokine production, lymphocyte activity, etc.).
C. Ibuprofen: Ibuprofen is an NSAID (anti-inflammatory/analgesic) but not an immunosuppressant.
D. Celecoxib: Celecoxib (a COX-2 inhibitor) is anti-inflammatory but not immunosuppressive.
E. Meloxicam: Meloxicam is an NSAID with anti-inflammatory effects but does not produce the broad immunosuppression seen with glucocorticoids.
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