A 41-year-old man presents to the PMHNP with a diagnosis of schizoid personality disorder. According to Erikson, failure to resolve which psychosocial developmental stage is associated with this personality disorder?
Industry vs. Inferiority
Initiative vs. Guilt
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Intimacy vs. Isolation
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Industry vs. Inferiority occurs in school-aged children and relates to competence, not isolation or emotional detachment.
Choice B reason: Initiative vs. Guilt occurs in early childhood and primarily influences purposeful action and initiative rather than adult interpersonal relationships.
Choice C reason: Identity vs. Role Confusion occurs in adolescence and relates to self-concept; failure here is associated with identity issues but not specifically with emotional detachment.
Choice D reason: Intimacy vs. Isolation occurs in young adulthood; failure to achieve intimacy can result in social withdrawal, emotional detachment, and difficulty forming close relationships, which is characteristic of schizoid personality disorder.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Bipolar disorder involves distinct mood episodes (mania or depression) with marked functional changes. This child’s presentation of persistent hyperactivity and impulsivity without episodic mood changes does not fit this diagnosis.
Choice B reason: Specific learning disorder affects academic skill acquisition but does not account for hyperactivity, impulsivity, and behavioral regulation difficulties seen across settings.
Choice C reason: Generalized anxiety disorder can lead to restlessness or distractibility, but the pattern of constant motor hyperactivity, impulsive behaviors, and difficulty remaining seated is more consistent with ADHD.
Choice D reason: ADHD, predominantly hyperactive/impulsive type, is characterized by excessive motor activity, impulsivity, difficulty remaining seated, talking excessively, and inability to inhibit behaviors despite awareness of social norms. The child’s presentation aligns closely with this diagnosis.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Specific phobia involves intense fear of a specific object or situation, often leading to avoidance. While situational fears exist here, the patient’s avoidance is broad and involves multiple public environments, exceeding a single situational phobia.
Choice B reason: Adjustment disorder is characterized by emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor, typically appearing within 3 months. While COVID-19 is a stressor, the patient’s persistent, specific avoidance pattern fits a more defined anxiety disorder.
Choice C reason: PTSD involves re-experiencing trauma, avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, hyperarousal, and negative mood. The patient does not have re-experiencing or trauma-related cues in this scenario.
Choice D reason: This is correct. Agoraphobia is characterized by fear and avoidance of situations where escape may be difficult, often involving public spaces, transportation, or crowds. The patient’s inability to leave home, avoidance of stores, and fear of public situations align with the diagnostic criteria for agoraphobia.
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