A 50-year-old patient with essential hypertension was involved in a car accident and presented with sudden, severe back and abdominal pain due to local dilation of the abdominal artery. Which condition does this describe?
Aneurysm
Embolus
Phlebitis
Thrombus
The Correct Answer is A
A ruptured or expanding abdominal aortic aneurysm causes sudden back and abdominal pain and is more common in people with hypertension.
B. Embolus:
An embolus would cause acute blockage, usually leading to ischemia downstream, but not arterial dilation.
C. Phlebitis:
Phlebitis is inflammation of a vein, not an artery, and does not cause sudden severe back pain.
D. Thrombus:
A thrombus is a clot, and while it can block vessels, it does not cause local dilation of arteries.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Botulism:
Botulism (caused by Clostridium botulinum) is a communicable disease that produces a toxin leading to rapid muscle paralysis, often starting within 6 hours of ingestion.
B. Malaria:
Malaria is a parasitic disease transmitted by mosquitoes that causes fever, chills, and anemia, not muscle paralysis.
C. Lyme disease:
Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi from tick bites, leads to joint pain, neurologic symptoms, and erythema migrans, but not acute paralysis.
D. West Nile virus:
West Nile virus can cause encephalitis and muscle weakness, but the paralysis onset is usually slower, not typically within 6 hours.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Alkalosis and insomnia:
Alkalosis does not trigger sickling; acidosis (low pH) is more harmful. Insomnia alone is not a direct trigger.
B. Reduced stress and warm environmental temperature:
Reduced stress and warmth help prevent crises rather than cause them.
C. Acidosis and dehydration:
Acidosis promotes sickling of RBCs, and dehydration increases blood viscosity, both triggering vaso-occlusive crises.
D. High fat diet and hyperoxia:
A high-fat diet is linked to cardiovascular disease, and hyperoxia (excess oxygen) is not a trigger for sickling.
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