Consider the steps the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system [RAAS] goes through when there is a decrease in circulation or a drop in blood pressure, ordered from the earliest to the latest. What is the step directly after angiotensin I is produced?
The kidney senses decreased perfusion
Renin is released and cleaves angiotensinogen.
Blood volume is raised and blood pressure is increased.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme helps to produce angiotensin II in the lungs and to stimulate the adrenal gland to release aldosterone
The Correct Answer is D
A. The kidney senses decreased perfusion:
This occurs earlier in the RAAS sequence, triggering the release of renin — not the immediate next step after angiotensin I is produced.
B. Renin is released and cleaves angiotensinogen:
This precedes the production of angiotensin I, not after.
C. Blood volume is raised and blood pressure is increased:
This is the final result of RAAS activation, not the step immediately following angiotensin I production.
D. Angiotensin-converting enzyme helps to produce angiotensin II in the lungs and to stimulate the adrenal gland to release aldosterone:
After angiotensin I is produced, it travels to the lungs where ACE converts it into angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor that also triggers aldosterone release.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Xanthelasma and Jaundice:
Xanthelasma (cholesterol deposits near the eyes) and jaundice (yellow skin from liver dysfunction) are not signs of DVT.
B. Itching and dark-colored:
Itching and discoloration can occur with chronic venous insufficiency, but acute DVT typically presents with pain, swelling, and tenderness.
C. Flank Pain and Arcus Senilis:
Flank pain suggests kidney issues, and arcus senilis (white ring around the cornea) is an age-related eye finding, not DVT.
D. Edema and tenderness over a vein:
Swelling (edema) and tenderness over the affected vein are classic signs of a DVT.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Diverticulitis:
Diverticulitis affects the large intestine, not causing anal pruritus or bleeding directly.
B. Hemorrhoids:
Postpartum hemorrhoids are common due to pressure during pregnancy and delivery, causing dilated rectal veins, bleeding, itching, and discomfort.
C. Gastroenteritis:
Gastroenteritis causes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, but not localized rectal vein problems.
D. Diverticulosis:
Diverticulosis is the presence of diverticula in the colon, often asymptomatic unless inflamed (diverticulitis).
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