Consider the steps the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system [RAAS] goes through when there is a decrease in circulation or a drop in blood pressure, ordered from the earliest to the latest. What is the step directly after angiotensin I is produced?
The kidney senses decreased perfusion
Renin is released and cleaves angiotensinogen.
Blood volume is raised and blood pressure is increased.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme helps to produce angiotensin II in the lungs and to stimulate the adrenal gland to release aldosterone
The Correct Answer is D
A. The kidney senses decreased perfusion:
This occurs earlier in the RAAS sequence, triggering the release of renin — not the immediate next step after angiotensin I is produced.
B. Renin is released and cleaves angiotensinogen:
This precedes the production of angiotensin I, not after.
C. Blood volume is raised and blood pressure is increased:
This is the final result of RAAS activation, not the step immediately following angiotensin I production.
D. Angiotensin-converting enzyme helps to produce angiotensin II in the lungs and to stimulate the adrenal gland to release aldosterone:
After angiotensin I is produced, it travels to the lungs where ACE converts it into angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor that also triggers aldosterone release.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Alkalosis and insomnia:
Alkalosis does not trigger sickling; acidosis (low pH) is more harmful. Insomnia alone is not a direct trigger.
B. Reduced stress and warm environmental temperature:
Reduced stress and warmth help prevent crises rather than cause them.
C. Acidosis and dehydration:
Acidosis promotes sickling of RBCs, and dehydration increases blood viscosity, both triggering vaso-occlusive crises.
D. High fat diet and hyperoxia:
A high-fat diet is linked to cardiovascular disease, and hyperoxia (excess oxygen) is not a trigger for sickling.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. There is no known safe level of alcohol use during pregnancy or when trying to get pregnant:
Research has shown that any alcohol consumption during pregnancy can potentially cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). There is no safe amount.
B. Alcohol prior to conception cannot impact the fetus:
Alcohol use prior to conception can affect fertility and early embryonic development, especially since many pregnancies are unrecognized during early stages.
C. Alcohol exposure is most dangerous during the last trimester:
All trimesters are critical, but the first trimester is often considered the most vulnerable for teratogenic effects, especially for organ formation.
D. Fetal alcohol exposure increases the likelihood of twins or other multiples:
Alcohol exposure does not increase the likelihood of multiple births; it causes developmental abnormalities.
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