A 51-year-old woman will be taking selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) as part of treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis. The nurse reviews potential contraindications, including which condition?
Venous thromboembolism
Breast cancer
Hypocalcemia
Stress fractures
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Venous thromboembolism is a contraindication for taking SERMs. SERMs are drugs that act like estrogen in some tissues and block estrogen in others. They can help prevent bone loss and fractures in postmenopausal women, but they can also increase the risk of blood clots in the veins, such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Therefore, women who have a history of or are at high risk for venous thromboembolism should not take SERMs.
Choice B reason: Breast cancer is not a contraindication for taking SERMs. In fact, some SERMs, such as tamoxifen and raloxifene, are used to treat or prevent breast cancer in women who have estrogen receptor-positive tumors. These SERMs block the effects of estrogen in the breast tissue and reduce the growth of cancer cells.
Choice C reason: Hypocalcemia is not a contraindication for taking SERMs. Hypocalcemia is a low level of calcium in the blood. SERMs do not affect calcium levels directly, but they can help prevent calcium loss from the bones by mimicking the effects of estrogen in the bone tissue. However, women who take SERMs should also take adequate calcium and vitamin D supplements to maintain bone health.
Choice D reason: Stress fractures are not a contraindication for taking SERMs. Stress fractures are small cracks in the bones that result from repeated stress or overuse. SERMs can help prevent stress fractures by strengthening the bones and reducing the risk of osteoporosis. However, women who take SERMs should also avoid excessive or inappropriate physical activity that can cause stress fractures.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Hypokalemia is a low level of potassium in the blood. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that increases the excretion of water and electrolytes, including potassium. Hypokalemia can cause muscle weakness, cramps, arrhythmias, and digoxin toxicity.
Choice B reason: Hypoglycemia is a low level of glucose in the blood. Furosemide does not affect blood glucose levels or insulin secretion. Hypoglycemia may be caused by other factors such as diabetes medications, fasting, or alcohol intake.
Choice C reason: Weight gain is not an adverse effect of furosemide. Furosemide causes weight loss by reducing fluid retention and edema. Weight gain may be a sign of worsening heart failure or fluid overload.
Choice D reason: Increased blood pressure is not an adverse effect of furosemide. Furosemide lowers blood pressure by decreasing blood volume and cardiac preload. Increased blood pressure may be caused by other factors such as salt intake, stress, or kidney disease.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Hyperkalemia is not the correct answer. Hyperkalemia is a high level of potassium in the blood. Corticosteroids do not cause hyperkalemia, but rather hypokalemia. Hyperkalemia may be caused by other factors such as renal failure, acidosis, or potassium-sparing diuretics.
Choice B reason: Hypokalemia is the correct answer. Hypokalemia is a low level of potassium in the blood. Corticosteroids can cause hypokalemia by increasing the excretion of potassium and sodium in the urine. Hypokalemia can cause muscle weakness, cramps, arrhythmias, and digoxin toxicity.
Choice C reason: Hypermagnesemia is not the correct answer. Hypermagnesemia is a high level of magnesium in the blood. Corticosteroids do not affect magnesium levels. Hypermagnesemia may be caused by other factors such as renal failure, excessive antacid use, or magnesium-containing laxatives.
Choice D reason: Hypomagnesemia is not the correct answer. Hypomagnesemia is a low level of magnesium in the blood. Corticosteroids do not affect magnesium levels. Hypomagnesemia may be caused by other factors such as malnutrition, alcoholism, or diuretic use.
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