A 9-year-old boy’s parents are concerned that he is small for his age. The parents are vegan and have been raising the child vegan. They state he is a picky eater. The following is what the child ate in the past 24 hours: Breakfast: 1 piece toast with jelly, 8 oz orange juice. Lunch: 1 cup of whole wheat pasta with tomato sauce. Snack: 1 apple. Dinner: 1 cup white rice with 1/2 cup of carrots. Identify all nutrition concerns. (Select all that apply)

Vegan diet

Diet provides adequate amino acids

Consuming inadequate calories

Many food dislikes

Consuming inadequate protein

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : C,D,E

Choice A reason: A vegan diet, when well-planned, can meet nutritional needs for children, providing adequate protein (0.9 grams/kg daily) through complementary sources like beans and grains. The issue is not veganism itself but the child’s limited intake, making this an incorrect nutritional concern in this context.

Choice B reason: The diet lacks adequate amino acids, as toast, pasta, rice, and vegetables provide incomplete proteins (<5 grams total daily). A vegan child needs complementary proteins (e.g., rice and beans) to meet essential amino acid needs, making this an incorrect choice, as the diet is deficient.

Choice C reason: The child’s diet (toast, pasta, rice, juice, apple, carrots) provides approximately 500-600 kcal, far below the 1400-1800 kcal needed for a 9-year-old. Inadequate calories impair growth and energy needs, making this a valid concern, as low intake stunts development and metabolism.

Choice D reason: Many food dislikes, as a picky eater, limit the variety of protein and nutrient sources, reducing intake of essential amino acids and vitamins. This restricts the ability to meet nutritional needs (0.9 grams/kg protein, 1400 kcal daily), making it a significant concern for growth.

Choice E reason: The diet provides minimal protein (<5 grams daily from toast, pasta, rice, carrots), far below the 0.9 grams/kg needed for a 9-year-old. Inadequate protein impairs growth, muscle development, and immune function, making this a critical nutritional concern for a vegan child.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Peanut butter provides approximately 7 grams of protein per tablespoon, rich in essential amino acids, and is cost-effective. Whole grain toast adds complex carbohydrates for energy. This combination offers a balanced, affordable protein source, supporting muscle maintenance and satiety, with healthy fats aiding nutrient absorption and heart health.

Choice B reason: Canned tuna is a high-protein option, offering about 25 grams per can, rich in complete proteins with all essential amino acids. However, it is less budget-friendly than peanut butter due to higher costs and potential mercury concerns, making it a less optimal choice for daily consumption.

Choice C reason: White rice with steamed vegetables lacks significant protein content, as rice provides only about 2-3 grams per cup, and vegetables contribute minimal protein. This meal is primarily carbohydrate-based, insufficient for meeting daily protein needs, and does not support muscle repair or growth effectively.

Choice D reason: Instant noodles with broth are low in protein, typically providing less than 5 grams per serving, and lack essential amino acids. They are high in sodium and processed carbohydrates, offering minimal nutritional value for protein needs, making them an inadequate choice for a budget-friendly protein source.

A. Sweet potato B. Black beans C. Brown rice D. Almond butter E. Eggs

Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Sweet potatoes are starchy vegetables, primarily providing carbohydrates and fiber, with minimal protein (about 2 grams per cup). They are classified under the vegetable group in MyPlate, not the protein group, as they lack significant protein content for dietary needs.

Choice B reason: Black beans are legumes, rich in protein (about 15 grams per cup), and are included in the MyPlate protein group. They provide incomplete proteins, which can complement other plant sources to meet essential amino acid requirements, supporting muscle maintenance.

Choice C reason: Brown rice is a grain, primarily a carbohydrate source with low protein content (about 5 grams per cup). It is classified under the grains group in MyPlate, not the protein group, as it does not contribute significantly to protein intake.

Choice D reason: Almond butter, made from nuts, provides about 7 grams of protein per tablespoon and is included in the MyPlate protein group. It offers healthy fats and incomplete proteins, which can be combined with other foods to meet amino acid needs.

Choice E reason: Eggs are a complete protein source, providing about 6 grams of protein per egg, and are a key component of the MyPlate protein group. They contain all essential amino acids, supporting muscle repair, immune function, and overall nutrition.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient tells the nurse they cannot afford to buy meat every day. Which of the following meals should the nurse suggest as a good source of protein that is also budget-friendly?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Which of the following foods may be included in the MyPlate protein food group? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]

Explanation

Which of the following food combinations provides adequate amounts of essential amino acids for someone following a vegan diet?

High protein diets may cause kidney damage because of the high levels of which substance that the kidneys need to help excrete?

A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a group of older adults about sources of complete and incomplete protein. Which of the following foods should the nurse include as a complete protein?

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the parents of a toddler who follows a vegetarian diet about food choices that increase dietary protein intake. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend as the best choice for including protein in the toddler’s diet?

Which of the following is an advantage of choosing beans as a source of protein instead of beef?

A nurse is caring for an elderly client admitted to the emergency department. When the nurse learns that the client has muscle wasting, which does the nurse suspect?

A nurse is caring for a client who has end-stage renal disease and must limit protein intake; therefore, the protein the nurse recommends should be complete proteins. Which of the following foods should the nurse plan to include in the client’s diet?

Which of the following foods has more protein?