A client frequently takes diphenhydramine (Benadryl) to alleviate his upper respiratory symptoms associated with allergies. Which of the following mechanism of actions applies to diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?

stimulates effects of histamine by occupying all H receptor sites.

blocks effects of histamine by competing and occupying H1 receptor sites.

blocks effects of histamine by competing and occupying H2 receptor sites.

stimulates effects of histamine by increasing amount of H2 receptor sites.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Stimulates effects of histamine by occupying all H receptor sites: This statement inaccurately describes the action of diphenhydramine. Instead of stimulating histamine effects, diphenhydramine actually blocks them, particularly at H1 receptors, which are involved in allergic responses.

B. Blocks effects of histamine by competing and occupying H1 receptor sites: This accurately describes the mechanism of action of diphenhydramine. As an antihistamine, it competes with histamine for binding to H1 receptor sites, effectively reducing symptoms of allergies, such as sneezing, itching, and nasal congestion.

C. Blocks effects of histamine by competing and occupying H2 receptor sites: This option is incorrect because H2 receptor antagonists are used primarily to reduce gastric acid secretion, not to treat allergic reactions. Diphenhydramine specifically targets H1 receptors, not H2 receptors.

D. Stimulates effects of histamine by increasing the amount of H2 receptor sites: This statement is also incorrect. Diphenhydramine does not stimulate histamine activity or increase receptor sites. Instead, it functions to inhibit the action of histamine at H1 receptors, which is fundamental in alleviating allergy symptoms.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) Ipratropium bromide: While ipratropium is used to manage bronchospasm, it is typically not the first choice for acute asthma attacks. It has a slower onset of action compared to short-acting beta-agonists like albuterol and is generally used as an adjunct therapy rather than for immediate relief.

B) Albuterol: This medication is a short-acting beta-agonist that provides rapid relief of bronchospasm during an acute asthma attack. It works by relaxing the muscles in the airways, making it the preferred first-line treatment for quick relief in asthma exacerbations.

C) Salmeterol: This medication is a long-acting beta-agonist (LABA) used for long-term control of asthma symptoms, not for immediate relief. It has a delayed onset of action and should not be used as a rescue medication during an acute attack, as it may take longer to provide effects.

D) Budesonide: This is an inhaled corticosteroid that helps in controlling chronic inflammation associated with asthma. While important for long-term management, it is not effective for the rapid relief of acute symptoms and should not be used during an asthma attack.

A. Hypertension B. Fungal infections C. Decreased immunity D. Hypoglycemia

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Hypertension: Fluticasone, a corticosteroid, is not typically associated with causing hypertension directly. However, chronic use can lead to fluid retention and hypertension in some individuals, but it is not a primary concern compared to other side effects.

B. Fungal infections: This is a significant adverse effect associated with inhaled corticosteroids like fluticasone. Prolonged use can increase the risk of oral thrush and other fungal infections due to the immunosuppressive effects of corticosteroids. Monitoring for signs of infection is crucial.

C. Decreased immunity: While long-term use of systemic corticosteroids can lead to decreased immune function, inhaled fluticasone is less likely to cause significant immunosuppression. However, it can still impact local immunity in the airways, making monitoring for infections more relevant than generalized immune suppression.

D. Hypoglycemia: Fluticasone is not known to cause hypoglycemia. In fact, corticosteroids typically can lead to increased blood glucose levels rather than lowering them, especially with chronic use, making this option inaccurate in the context of monitoring for adverse effects.

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A client frequently takes diphenhydramine (Benadryl) to alleviate his upper respiratory symptoms associated with allergies. Which of the following mechanism of actions applies to diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is teaching a client with a new diagnosis of asthma. Which of the following medications should the nurse instruct the client to use when experiencing an acute asthma attack?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking fluticasone due to chronic allergies. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse is preparing to administer albuterol to a client experiencing an acute asthma attack. Which medication on the client's medical record is a direct contraindication to albuterol administration?

The nurse is educating student nurses on the difference between the upper and lower respiratory tract. Which medications are primarily used for upper respiratory conditions? (Select All that Apply.)

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for dextromethorphan. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for which of the following adverse effects when taking dextromethorphan?

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A client is being discharged with a cromolyn (Intal) inhaler to assist in the treatment of asthma. The nurse should include which information in the discharge teaching for this medication?

A client's severe asthma has necessitated the use of a long-acting beta2-agonist (LABA). Which of the client's statements suggests a need for further education?

A nurse is preparing to administer acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) to a client with excessive respiratory secretions. Which of the following statements are correct regarding acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) (Select All that Apply.)

The nurse is caring for a client currently taking oxymetazoline. Which of the following statements should the nurse include regarding oxymetazoline?