A client is admited to the emergency room with a respiratory rate of 7/min. Arterial blood gases (ABG) reveal the following values. Which of the following is an appropriate analysis of the ABGs?

Metabolic alkalosis

Respiratory acidosis

Metabolic acidosis

Respiratory alkalosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A: Metabolic alkalosis is incorrect because it is characterized by a high pH and a high HCO3, not a low pH and a normal HCO3. Metabolic alkalosis occurs when there is a loss of metabolic acids or an excess of bicarbonate in the body, such as from vomiting, gastric suctioning, or diuretic therapy.

Choice B: Respiratory acidosis is correct because it is characterized by a low pH and a high PaCO2. Respiratory acidosis occurs when there is impaired gas exchange or hypoventilation, resulting in accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood. This can be caused by conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, asthma, or chest trauma.

Choice C: Metabolic acidosis is incorrect because it is characterized by a low pH and a low HCO3, not a low pH and a normal HCO3. Metabolic acidosis occurs when there is an excess of metabolic acids in the body, such as lactic acid, ketoacids, or salicylates.

Choice D: Respiratory alkalosis is incorrect because it is characterized by a high pH and a low PaCO2, not a low pH and a high PaCO2. Respiratory alkalosis occurs when there is excessive loss of carbon dioxide through hyperventilation, such as in anxiety, fever, or aspirin overdose.

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Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A: Furosemide (Lasix) is incorrect because it is a diuretic that increases urine output and potassium excretion. However, this medication is not eﬀective for patients with chronic renal failure who have oliguria or anuria.

Furosemide can also cause hypokalemia, which is a low potassium level.

Choice B: Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) is correct because it is a cation exchange resin that binds to potassium in the gastrointestinal tract and removes it from the body through feces. This medication can lower the serum potassium level and prevent hyperkalemia, which is a high potassium level.

Choice C: Dextrose 10% is correct because it is a hypertonic solution that raises the blood glucose level and stimulates the release of insulin. Insulin helps to move potassium from the extracellular ﬂuid into the cells, thus lowering the serum potassium level.

Choice D: Sodium bicarbonate is correct because it is an alkalizing agent that corrects metabolic acidosis, which is a common complication of chronic renal failure. Metabolic acidosis can cause potassium to shift from the intracellular ﬂuid to the extracellular ﬂuid, thus raising the serum potassium level. Sodium bicarbonate can reverse this eﬀect and lower the serum potassium level.

Choice E: Insulin is correct because it also helps to move potassium from the extracellular ﬂuid into the cells, thus lowering the serum potassium level. Insulin can be given intravenously with dextrose 10% to prevent hypoglycemia, which is a low blood glucose level.

A. Patient with venous stasis ulcer B. Patient on dialysis C. Patient with bulimia D. Patient with COPD

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A: Patient with venous stasis ulcer is not at increased risk for developing metabolic alkalosis because this condition does not aﬀect the acid-base balance. Venous stasis ulcer is a chronic wound caused by poor blood ﬂow in the veins of the lower extremities.

Choice B: Patient on dialysis is not at increased risk for developing metabolic alkalosis because dialysis helps to correct the acid-base imbalance. Dialysis is a treatment that removes waste products and excess ﬂuid from the blood when the kidneys are not functioning properly.

Choice C: Patient with bulimia is at increased risk for developing metabolic alkalosis because of frequent vomiting. Vomiting causes loss of gastric acid, which leads to increased bicarbonate levels and decreased hydrogen ions in the blood.

Choice D: Patient with COPD is not at increased risk for developing metabolic alkalosis, but rather respiratory acidosis. COPD is a chronic lung disease that causes difficulty breathing and impaired gas exchange. This results in accumulation of carbon dioxide and decreased pH in the blood.

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A client is admited to the emergency room with a respiratory rate of 7/min. Arterial blood gases (ABG) reveal the following values. Which of the following is an appropriate analysis of the ABGs?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient with chronic renal failure has an occluded arteriovenous fistula, and routine hemodialysis is delayed. However, the patient's serum potassium level is 6.0 mEq/L. What should the nurse expect to be prescribed for this patient? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

The nurse is reviewing the health problems for a group of assigned patients. Which patient does the nurse recognize as being at increased risk for developing metabolic alkalosis?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a patient whose sodium level is 118 mEq/L. Which nursing diagnosis is a priority for this patient?

A patient with atrial fibrillation and a serum potassium level of 3.0 mEq/L takes digoxin (Lanoxin), ASA (aspirin), KCL (potassium chloride) and warfarin (Coumadin) daily. The patient reports visual disturbances. The nurse suspects problems with which medication?

A patient prescribed spironolactone is demonstrating ECG changes and complaining of muscle weakness. The nurse realizes this patient is exhibiting signs of which electrolyte imbalance?

A patient newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus is admitted to the emergency department with nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. ABG results reveal a pH of 7.2 and a bicarbonate level of 20 mEq/L. What other assessment findings should the nurse anticipate in this patient? Select all that apply.

The nurse is concerned that a patient recovering from a thyroidectomy is developing hypocalcemia. What findings did the nurse use to come to this conclusion? (Select all that apply)

The nurse is caring for a patient who is anxious and dizzy following a traumatic experience. The arterial blood gas findings include: pH 7.48, PaO2 110, PaCO2 25, and HCO3 24. Which intervention should the nurse expect to be prescribed to correct this problem?

A nurse is caring for four hospitalized clients. Which of the following clients should the nurse identify as being at risk for ﬂuid volume deficit?

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who takes furosemide. Which of the following results should the nurse identify as the priority finding?