A client is in a motor vehicle accident with a severe kidney injury and develops acute renal failure. Which acid-base imbalance is most likely to develop?

Respiratory Acidosis

Metabolic Alkalosis

Respiratory Alkalosis

Metabolic acidosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Respiratory Acidosis: Respiratory acidosis results from inadequate ventilation leading to CO₂ retention, which is unrelated to kidney failure.

B. Metabolic Alkalosis: Metabolic alkalosis occurs due to excessive loss of acids (e.g., vomiting) or excess bicarbonate intake. Acute renal failure causes acid retention, not loss.

C. Respiratory Alkalosis: Respiratory alkalosis is caused by hyperventilation and excessive CO₂ loss, not renal dysfunction.

D. Metabolic acidosis: The kidneys play a vital role in acid-base balance by excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate. Acute renal failure impairs these functions, leading to acid retention and metabolic acidosis.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. “This is called a thrill and it means that your fistula is not working.” A thrill is a normal finding and means the fistula is functioning properly.

B. "This is not a normal sign; we will call your provider right away.” A lack of thrill is abnormal, not the presence of one.

C. "This is called a bruit and it shows that your fistula is patent." The thrill is felt and the bruit is heard.

D. "This is called a thrill and it means that your fistula is patent." A thrill (vibration) is a normal finding in an AV fistula and indicates adequate blood flow. A bruit (whooshing sound) is heard on auscultation and also confirms patency.

A. "We'll find out if any medications, such as steroids, are interfering with your kidney function." B. "This test will tell your doctor how your kidneys are functioning.” C. "This test will tell if you have severe renal impairment or a disease.” D. "You'll have to ask your doctor.”

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. "We'll find out if any medications, such as steroids, are interfering with your kidney function." Some medications affect kidney function, but creatinine primarily measures kidney efficiency, not drug interactions.

B. "This test will tell your doctor how your kidneys are functioning." Serum creatinine is a key indicator of kidney function. It measures how well the kidneys are filtering waste products.

C. "This test will tell if you have severe renal impairment or disease." Creatinine can be elevated in mild, moderate, or severe kidney dysfunction, not just in severe disease.

D. "You'll have to ask your doctor." The nurse should provide basic health education to the client.

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A client is in a motor vehicle accident with a severe kidney injury and develops acute renal failure. Which acid-base imbalance is most likely to develop?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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