A client is ordered 380 mL of packed red blood cells over 4 hours. What is the rate of infusion to be set on the IV pump? (Round to a whole number.) (Med math question, no options provided.)

Choice A rationale

Blood glucose level changes are unrelated to hyperbilirubinemia and phototherapy, which specifically target bilirubin metabolism in the newborn's liver and skin.

Choice B rationale

A decrease in transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) levels shows effective phototherapy, as it converts bilirubin into water-soluble isomers that can be excreted.

Choice C rationale

Skin color changes from yellow to normal indicate reduced bilirubin levels, but the most accurate measure of phototherapy efficacy is the decrease in TcB levels.

Choice D rationale

Weight gain is not an indicator of effective phototherapy; it reflects overall nutrition and hydration status rather than bilirubin metabolism and excretion.

Choice A rationale

While jaundice is common, jaundice at 24 hours old is not typical and may indicate a serious underlying condition.

Choice B rationale

Jaundice within the first 24 hours suggests possible hemolysis or infection, both of which require immediate medical attention.

Choice C rationale

Although an immature liver can cause jaundice, jaundice appearing within 24 hours warrants further investigation for pathological causes.

Choice D rationale

Normal physiological jaundice usually appears after 24 hours, peaking around days 3 to 5 of life.